Psychoeducation Effectiveness on Military - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1651 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Military Essay Did you like this example? Psychoeducation Effectiveness on Military with PTSD ABSTRACT This research paper explores medical professional’s use of psychoeducation in the treatment of Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with military personnel. Through my research I wanted to find in depth narratives outlining the following questions: Is psycho-education a suitable intervention technique in the treatment of PTSD? If so, when is it correct to use or integrate psychoeducation in the treatment process with military personnel? Also, what have been the results in using psychoeducation as a type of treatment for PTSD with individual military personnel? How do you assess the success of this intervention? Results from exploring the meaning and understanding of psychoeducation, and the effectiveness in the treatment of PTSD revealed subjective results due to timeframe and situation of use with the treatment technique. The data collected from the research suggested the need for more research to be per formed on the effectiveness and best practices of the use of psychoeducation in the treatment of PTSD. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has captured the minds and imagination of the American public especially during this time of war. With the increased violence due to the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, many Soldiers are affected by the violence and the trauma associated with conflict. Post-traumatic stress disorder is defined in the dictionary as a mental disorder, as battle fatigue, occurring after a traumatic event outside the range of usual human experience, and characterized by symptoms such as reliving the event, reduced involvement with others, and manifestations of autonomic arousal such as hyper-alertness and exaggerated startle response (Posttraumatic stress disorder. Random House Unabridged Dictionary. Soldiers throughout history have had to deal with the mental, physical and emotional stress associated with combat. Many of the returning Soldiers from the Iraq War h ave indicators of combat related stress or are diagnosed with PTSD. In a speech to the U. S. House Committee on Veterans Affairs’ Health Subcommittee Col. Charles Hoge, M. D. , Chief of Psychiatry and Behavior Services at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research stated that 19% to 21% of troops who have returned from combat deployments meet criteria for PTSD, depression or anxiety. Of these, 15% to 17% of troops who served in Iraq and 6% of those who served in Afghanistan had PTSD symptoms when surveyed three to 12 months after their deployments. In general, PTSD rates were highest among units that served deployments of 12 months or more and had more exposure to combat (Kaplan, 2006, p. 1). The Department of Defense has initiated numerous resources such as Military OneSource, pre/post health assessments, and has increased the behavioral health services that military personnel, veterans can use for mental health resources (Kaplan, 2006). There are several therapeutic a pproaches used in the treatment of PTSD, which include Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Treatment, Family Systems theory, group therapy and psychoeducation. However for the current research, I have chosen to focus on the effectiveness of psychoeducation in the treatment of combat related trauma, also known as PTSD, with military families and veterans, because of the limited body of literature and its flexibility of use with individuals, groups and in a variety of treatment. Psychoeducation has proven to be an effective method in the treatment of many mental illnesses including PTSD. The research strongly suggests that psychoeducation can be effective in reducing symptoms, hospitalization and stigma in a person’s diagnoses with PTSD while providing support and cost efficient treatment. Since the inception of PTSD, several theories of treatment have been introduced focusing on varied aspects of the biological, social and psychological reasons for the development of PTSD. According to the Handbook of Post-Traumatic Therapy, while theories vary, they all had 6 similar assumptions on how trauma affects the individual. Trauma impacts the person’s â€Å"psychobiological state, changes in learned behavior, changes in cognitive processing, changes in self-structure, changes in interpersonal relationships, and the nature of the stressors experienced within the time-space framework of a culture at a historical moment† (Williams, 1987, p. 15). It is important to recognize that each individual has a unique and diverse symptom pattern of PTSD (Wilson, Friedman Lindy, 2001). Therefore, it is necessary to have different treatment theories and interventions available for the clinician’s use. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is considered an anxiety disorder and defined as a â€Å"delayed psychological reaction to experiencing an event that is outside the range of usual human experience events of this type include accidents, natural disast ers, military combat, rape and assault† (Baker, 2003, p. 331). The symptoms of PTSD includes but is not limited to anxiety, and impairment of social and occupational functioning (APA, 2000). PTSD can be a chronic and devastating disorder if treatment is not sought (Creamer Forbes, 2004). Education is designed to â€Å"develop long-term, organized bodies of knowledge and generic problem-solving skills that will help the learner solve personal problems, both in the present and in the future† (Allen 2001). Psychoeducation is the â€Å"process of teaching clients with mental illness and their family members about the nature of the illness, including its etiology, progression, consequences, prognosis, treatment and alternatives (Barker, 2003, p. 347). Psychoeducation’s goal is to offer education and therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life for the family while decreasing the possibility of relapse for the patient (Solomon, 1996). It also has been described as a â€Å"systematic didactic-psychotherapeutic intervention, designed to inform patients and their relatives about the disorder and to promote coping (Lincoln, Wilhelm, Nestoriuc, 2007, p. 233). By strengthening the coping skills, communication and problem solving abilities of the family, the well-being and adaptability of the individual and family members are expected to improve. Even with limited empirical evidence suggesting the importance of psychoeducation, practical application and experience has proven its effectiveness (Creamer Forbes, 2004; Lansverk Kane, 1998). During my initial research of psychoeducation in the treatment procedure pertained to schizophrenia. Several of the studies conducted on schizophrenia found that patients benefited from psychoeducation, producing a reduction of relapses, better social performance, positive effects on well being, and a better perception and attitudes of family members regarding the illness (Merinder, 2002; Rotondi et al. 2005). A joint effort between the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DOD), referred to as the Joint Clinical Practice Guidelines for PTSD (JCPG-PTSD), publicized its support of the use of cognitive therapies in the treatment of trauma victims (Russell, Silver, Rogers, and Darnell, 2007). Existing data also states that psychological services are beneficial to military personnel and their family members. There is a wide array of information on CBT due to its popularity in empirical studies (Creamer and Forbes, 2004) and its proven effectiveness (Monson, Rodriguez Warner, 2005). CBT is focused on cognition and the use of positive consequences (Cooper Lesser, 2005). Incorporating CBT and psychoeducation in individual therapy involves questions and discussion, note taking and a summary of key points discussed in the session. Educating clients also is a common and essential practice in many therapeutic relations (Allen, 2001). Through conversation w ith fellow soldiers who had been to Iraq/Afghanistan and were diagnose with PTSD, it was stated that no one type of program or therapy was more effective than another, or that they used a variety of treatment options. For the soldiers that experience psychoeducaton the consensus was that integrating psychoeducation in their treatment was an effective intervention method and felt that psychoeducation or education after an incident or diagnosis was useful. In conclusion psychoeducation seems to be a worthwhile method of intervention to be used in the treatment of PTSD and that its treatment has positive outcomes on the patient understanding of the disorder. The data gathered from my small scale research could be built upon for a study or a even more larger scale research. It is important to do further research on which treatment modalities are more or less effective with psychoeducation. As more and more of our military members and Soldiers return from war diagnosed with or suff ering from PTSD like symptoms, it would be beneficial, financial and educational, to train clinicians on the best practices for the treatment of PTSD. References Allen, Jon. (2001). Traumatic Relationships and Serious Mental Disorders. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Barker, Robert L. (2003). The Social Work Dictionary. Washington D. C. : NASW Press. Cooper, M. Lesser J. (2005). Clinical Social Work Practice: An Integrated Approach, Boston: Pearson Education Creamer, M. , Forbes, D. (2004). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 41(4), 388-398. Kaplan, Arline. (Jan 1, 2006). Hidden Combat Wounds: Extensive, Deadly, Costly. In Psychiatric Times, p1. Retrieved July 02, 2007, from Academic OneFile via Thomson Gale: https://find. galegroup. com/itx/infomark. do? contentSet=IAC-Documentstype=retrievetabID=T002prodId=AONEdocId=A141590763source=galeuserGroupName=mlin_w_smithcolversion=1 . 0 Lincoln, T. M. ; Wilhelm, K. ; Nestoriuc, Y. (2007). Effectiveness of Psychoeducation for Relapse, Symptoms, Knowledge, Adherence and Functioning in Psychotic Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 96 (1-3), p 232-245. Merinder P. (2002) Psychoeducation for Schizophrenia (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 2. Retrieved June 26, 2007 from: https://www. mrw. interscience. wiley. com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD002831/frame. html Monson, C. , Rodriguez, B. , Warner, R. (2005). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for PTSD in the Real World: Do Interpersonal Relationships Make a Real Difference? Journal Of Clinical Psychology 61(6), 751–761. Posttraumatic stress disorder. Random House Unabridged Dictionary.  © 1997 by Random House, Inc. , on Infoplease.  © 2000–2007 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease. 24 Jul. 2010  https://www. infoplease. com/ipd/A0515599. html. Russell, M. , Silver S. Rodgers, S. , Darnell J. (2007 ). Responding to an Identified Need: A Joint Department of Defense/Department of Veterans Affairs Training Program in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for Clinicians Providing Trauma Services. International Journal of Stress Management 14 (1), p 61-71. Solomon, Phyllis. (1996). Moving from psychoeducation for families of adults with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services 47 (12), 1364-70. Williams, Tom. (1987). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: A Handbook for Clinicians. Cincinnati: Disabled American Veterans. Wilson, J, Friedman, M. Lindy J. (2001). Treatment Goals for PTSD. In Wilson, J, Friedman, M. Lindy J. (Eds) Treating Psychological Trauma and PTSD (pp. 3-27). New York: Guilford Press. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Psychoeducation Effectiveness on Military" essay for you Create order

The Importance Of A Christian Worldview - 1611 Words

Worldview is how someone would view the world around them. In a person’s world view it controls how their lives is lived out in the world, and how they would respond to certain things that goes on around them in the world. A person’s worldview is important to them, because it plays a big part in their lives, and they make ethical and moral decisions based on what their worldview is. A Christian’s worldview is described in how a person follows the teaching of Jesus in the bible, and he or she is committed to following Jesus teachings. According to John 14 verse 6 â€Å"Jesus answered, I am the way and the truth and the life.† (The NIV Rainbow Study Bible, 2017). Christians believe in God the father, God the son, and God the Holy Spirit, three in†¦show more content†¦Everything on earth is dependent on God. Humanity Our human nature is what makes us human, in which we are clearly different from animals. God gave us the ability to talk, smell, hear, touch, see, feel, and think. â€Å"The creation of humanity in the image of God shows the special relationship between God and humans. While God created all things, humans are the only creatures that God created in his image and that God breathed the breath of life into (Genesis 2:7).† (Diffey, 2017). Humans also possess some of God’s attributes, such as loving, caring, patience, faithfulness, and compassionate. â€Å"God s purpose for humanity–to reconcile people to himself through rescue, redemption, and renewal.† (Lecture 5, 2017). Humans have many purposes, but the most important purpose is having a close relationship with their creator God. Humans were created to worship, obey, have dominion on earth, serve and keep the garden (Diffey, 2017). Humanity now has problems in the world today, because of Adam and Eve’ s disobedient to God and did not listen to his commands, and fell for Satan’s lies. They ate from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, the one tree that God forbid them not to eat from. The fall of Adam and Eve, is the root cause of all the problems that humans are going through now in the world. Humans now have a sinful nature, because the fall introduced sin into the world. In the world, weShow MoreRelatedDifferent Philosophies That People Believe1634 Words   |  7 PagesThere are several different worldviews that people believe in. Those might ask what exactly is a worldview? Here is the definition: â€Å"A worldview is the framework of basic beliefs that we hold, whether we realize it or not, that shapes our view of and for the world. Everyone has a worldview. The question is not whether one has a worldview but which one has.† 1 Here is the definition of a biblical worldview rather than just a worldview: â€Å"A biblical worldview is based on the infallible word ofRead MoreFinding Scripture: Humanity and Ethics Worksheet and Journal #41108 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Success Center. Please type your answer directly beneath each question so the instructor can see the question and your answer in the same place. 1. Write 2-3 sentences explaining why the creation account is so significant to the Christian worldview. What difference does it make to someone’s thought and practice to believe that humans are created in the image of God versus being the result of random processes acting blindly on matter? Being created in Gods image is so significant to theRead MoreEssay on Biblical Foundations1389 Words   |  6 Pagesplan of what a school is going to teach during a school year. The time frame of the curriculum can vary from a quarter to a semester to even being taught the entire school year. Wayne (2010) suggests that each individual’s personal biblical worldview impacts each person in their beliefs and opinions about curriculum development differently. The stance taken by this individual is that of trying to see things in the manner that God would want. God is all knowing and being all knowing, He knowsRead MoreCritical Thinking : Islam Worldview / Christian Worldview 21086 Words   |  5 PagesCRITICAL THINKING: ISLAM WORLDVIEW/CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW 2 The Question of Origin Islam Worldview The beginning of life according to Islam was facilitated by the prophet Muhammad. But, Islam began long before Muhammad. Muhammad dictated to the Quran, which is the holy book of Islam. The followers of the Islam religion call themselves Muslims. â€Å"There is approximately 1.8 billion people that follow the Islam religion. It is the second largest religion in the world† (Lipka, 2017). FollowersRead More What is Worldview? Essay example1024 Words   |  5 Pages After reading the fourth chapter heading of Consider, the first definition of worldview that came to my mind was â€Å"view of the world† just from a literary perspective. The co-authors defined worldview as â€Å"a framework a person brings to decision-making† (Weider Gutierrez, 2011, p.51). Everyone has a worldview with main characteristics that are ever changing. Different sources influence this framework such as parenting, friendship, telecommunication or internet media, educational and religiousRead MoreReview of Integrative Approach to Psychology and Christianity by David Entwistle994 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity: an introduction to worldview issues, philosophical foundations and models of integration, by David N. Entwistle. As the title states, this book discusses how to integrate psychology and theology. It also dives into to why it is so important to be able to integrate the two. Entwistle explains that just because the two are different does not mean they should be separated and that we have to use both our worldviews. â€Å"Weaving together perspectives from psychology and Christian theology can help usRead MoreChristian Philosophy Versus Christian Worldview1294 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Human perspective differs and leads to diverse worldviews. Several factors contribute to the creation of worldviews; the environment, experiences and most importantly the education that a human is exposed to. The question is often asked if there is such a thing as a write or wrong worldview, since it can consist of religious beliefs, political connections, and subjective opinions on life, love, family and friendship. These worldviews create philosophical questions regarding how society trulyRead MoreChristian World View1397 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone has a worldview. This may be something we do not think about on the regular, but we all have one. A worldview is our set of beliefs used to understand the world. It shapes our thoughts on how we interpret reality, and forms our moral opinions. Our regular worldview is formed by almost anything secular, jobs, money, family even education. Then there is a Christian’s Worldview which would be our sacred doings. The Christian or Biblical worldview is based on the word of God. When the word ofRead MoreEssay Personal Worldview642 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Worldview Grand Canyon University HLT 310 Personal worldview Spirituality is defined in several ways as it pertains to different worldviews. Today we will look at the worldview as it relates to Pluralism, Scientism and Postmodernism. Pluralism is a worldview in which the society members structure their culture based on acceptance and diversity. These common traits all strive for the common good of all andRead MoreBiblical Worldview : The Natural World861 Words   |  4 PagesBiblical Worldview Essay †¢ Introduction To understand what Paul message is to its readers in Romans 1-8, one must understand the definition of what is a ‘biblical worldview.† A biblical Worldview is defines as an overarching view of the world based on God’s revealed truth, the bible, which directs our life in the world (Cascade Christian School P.1). Once the reader understand such biblical worldview then the passage of Romans 1-8 come to life by teaching us in the areas of Natural World, Human

Did the New Deal Prolong the Great Depression free essay sample

Did the New Deal Prolong the Great Depression? Yes: Burton W. Folsom, Jr. * The Cabinet head had personal connections with the President. Made him bias towards FDR’s ideas * Unemployment was higher in 1939 than in 1931 after hoover left office * Govt went from running a surplus to a deficit * Seven Years of trade deficits cursed American GDP over the span of the New Deal * Welfare and Social Security kept lazy people lazy and made hard working people take pay cuts * The economy is self regulating and self healing; it would have fixed itself in time(not 12 years though) * IT was â€Å"Constraints School† The US economy was in a nose-dive for the first 6 years of FDR’s presidency, but he kept the Ether up and promised progress * Roosevelt Raised taxes across the board†¦ Sounds familiar to what is going on now†¦ damn Obama * If the war did not come about, FDR would not have lasted the 4 terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Did the New Deal Prolong the Great Depression? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page NO: Roger Biles * FDR believed Taking a method and trying it until it worked or didn’t. It it did, then keep doing it; if it didn’t admit that defeat and try something else. He used the Federal Gov’t to â€Å"help† regulate the economy(kind of like genetically engineering which also doesn’t work 100% of the time) * Unemployment decreased over the first 5 years of FDR’s presidency * The FDIC insured everyone’s money that is in the bank which is something that the US needed in 1929 * FDR created hope for everyone with Social Security, Welfare and Section 8 housing * He created the US postal service, rural electrification act, and rural mail act * Roosevelt changed the form of Gov’t in a short 12 years * He created â€Å"Wealth Tax† (sounds familiar AGAIN! which â€Å"affected Very few taxpayers† * He then Repealed the â€Å"Wealth Tax† because it didn’t work FDR’s new deal was a great idea in theory(so is Marxism) , but wasn’t the best idea for the time. What he did is kind of what we are going through today: Promising change but not saying when, Increasing taxes and hoping it will help your deficit, and tried to intervene with the self regulating economy. The New Deal DID work, but only because WWII brought the need for production back to America; without that, the New Deal would have taked much much longer to work.

Major Battle Of American Revolution Essays -

Major Battle Of American Revolution The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775, when British soldiers and American patriots clashed at Lexington, Massachusetts, and at nearby Concord. The war lasted eight years. It ended on September 3, 1783, when Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, which gave independence to the United States. The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought in June of 1775. In the Battle of Bunker Hill the patriots were successful in holding their ground, Redcoats sent three attack waves, the first to were successfully defended by the patriots buy the third was successful in driving the patriots off the hill. The main reason of the patriots retreat was because of lack of ammunition. Officially the victory was given to the Redcoats but the Patriots had the real victory, for they had proved themselves against professional soldiers and took a great many British soldiers in the battle. In the Battle of Long Island General Howe easily outflanked and defeated Washingtons army. Howe could have ended the war at this point but he hesitated. The reason for his hesitation was because he could not make up his mind whether to be a peacemaker or a conqueror. Howe could have ended the war at that time but he allowed the patriots to escape. In the Battle of Saratoga Horatio Gates along with Benedict Arnold defeated John Burgoyne. Arnold and Gates erected formidable defenses immediately South of Stillwater and then forced the British Army to surrender. This defeat revealed the failure of British strategy. This victory also helped convince France that it could safely enter the war on the American side. The Battle of Camden marked the point for the patriots in the American Revolution. The armies of Horatio Gates and George Cornwallis. The patriots received heavy casualties which forced them to withdraw. The out come of this battle was a severe defeat to the patriots. The defeat of the British at the Battle of Yorktown by the patriots and the French signified the end of the war. French ships and patriots trapped Cornwallis and his troops. Cornwallis surrendered and the British were defeated. Then the Treaty of Paris was drawn up because of the defeat of the British. These major battles had a great impact on the events in the war. Many of the outcomes of these battles decided what events would happen next such as the Battle of Saratoga convinced France that it was safe to enter the war. The Battle of Long Island could have a much bigger impact than it did. That battle could have ended the war. The French victory in the American Revolution ultimately led to the death of the French monarchy. This refers to how the French victory in the American Revolution was a very costly victory. The French involvement in the war had put a great strain on their economic situation. Because of this economic situation the French Revolution occurred which would eventually end monarchy in France. History Essays

Beethoven Essays (1583 words) - Age Of Enlightenment, Free Essays

Beethoven Essays (1583 words) - Age Of Enlightenment, Free Essays Beethoven There resounds a proverbial question, If a tree falls in the woods and no one is there to hear, does it make a sound as it falls? Capricious as this query may appear I have had occasion to entertain just such a notion when, as a youth, I found an exploratory journey down a deep woods path abruptly halted by the greeting of an enormous fallen tree. The colossal obstacle lay across my path and presented itself a motionless, silent guardian that protected that which lay beyond from my further intrusion. What a monumental disturbance must have been witnessed by the forest as this giant came crashing down! I wondered how the tree came to be there in the first place or what of the countless forms of life that had sprang forth from its protective purview over the decades of the trees history. I wondered what might have led to the demise of the strong anchoring system that had so obviously sustained the uprightness of this tower for so long. Not to mention what a scurry for life itself must have taken place by the multitude of creatures that were no doubt within the danger zone as tons of falling wood rushed earthward. Notwithstanding the magnitude of this event and the obvious lasting effects that resulted, I still wondered if the falling tree had made a sound? When the life of Ludwig van Beethoven first encroached upon my path, much the same sensation was experienced. No doubt I had heard of the composers name, but then so had I foreknowledge of trees, both fallen as well as standing ones. However, what of this particular composer. Had I ever entertained conversation with him? Had I known of his particular work, achievements, or failures? What difference had been made by this long extinguished life, at least where I was concerned? So here I stood. Yet another fallen giant before me in an apparently posture of complete silence leaving me to contemplate what, if any, true sound had been made as it fell. Every inquiry has its beginnings and Beethovens began in Bonn, Germany on December 16, 1770 (Cross 45). Though he had somewhat of a musical heritage with both his father and grandfather being performers themselves, it appears to have been that the emotion of greed more probably served as the conduit for molding of the youth. Johaan Beethoven, Ludwigs drunkard father, had become aware that his son possessed musical talent. Though apparently not particularly moved to enrich the young childs life, Johaan saw Ludwig as a potential Mozart style child prodigy of which could be capitalized on for financial gain. It is ironic that the same greed over Mozarts success inspired the creation of one genius, Ludwig Beethoven, yet aided in the demise of another, Wolfgang A. Mozart himself. It was this greed that enticed a drunken Johaan to pull young Ludwig from his bed in the middle of the night and then force hours of practice on the violin with abusive beatings being the corrective measure for mistakes the exhausted child might make (Cross 46). Johaan felt that if Mozart could be so successful at such a young age, then so could Ludwig. Consequently, it was precisely this same envy over Mozarts ability that motivated adversaries of the likes of Salieri to continually undermine the potential advancement of Mozarts work, and thus, contributing to his poverty and ultimate premature poppers funeral (Cross 522-23). Johaans greed took the form of envy while Salieris took that of fear. However, both were greed in its purest form and most likely had equal effect on Beethoven. Johaans greed resulted in abu sive, yet not unproductive, practice. The final product of this was technical ability as well as much emotion, both of which furthered Beethovens compositions. On the other hand, Salieris greed contributed to Mozarts early death. In his later years Beethoven greatly feared that he too would face a premature death as his idle, Mozart, had done. This pushed productivity out as Beethoven constantly felt a sense of urgency to make his destined contribution to the musical world. Beethoven had made his concert debut at the age of eight and had already tenured as a performer in the Electorate

Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Essays

Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Essays Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Paper Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Paper Kingdoms charcoal is a well-known brand in barbecuing community. As per survey in late asss 75% American Households owned barbecue grills and young and high-income families owned the most share apron. 80%. For a long time now Americans have shown love and passion for barbecue. Kingdoms Charcoal in America was considered in an oligopolies market. The criteria for differentiating the products in such a market is based on the quality, price, and promotion. Though, Kingdoms retained the position of arrest leader in year 2000, but the sales were dropping because of the problems such as increasing trend of gas grill use, less exposure and promotion of charcoal and decrease in market share and market growth rate of Kingdoms Charcoal. Competition from Royal Oak also had an impact on the sales. To overcome the current market situation brand managers Marcella Smith Bobble (HOBS MBA 96) and Allison Warren were asked to refurbish the brand image of Kingdoms, and formulate a marketing plan keeping the focus n future by not only improving the sales, but also improving the turnover of the overall charcoal industry. Objective of the marketing plan for Kingdoms Charcoal should cater the two aspects I. E. Financial Objectives, to improve profitability and growth and Marketing Objectives, to improve market share and sales. And it should provide answers to some of the major issues such as:- Is there a need to increase the budget for advertisements to compete with gas grills and private brands? How will the increase in prices affect the market share? Segmentation In 2000, a case study has proved that 66% of the barbecue lovers have a preference of charcoal over gas grills as they believe that the real experience and flavor reaches them when they use charcoal grill. The table below elaborates the percentage of the consumers using the two different kinds of Kingdoms Products. It is quite evident that 60% of the Kingdoms Charcoal users are happy to use both types of Kingdoms charcoal I. E. Regular as well as Instant. And this gives the company a great opportunity to experiment with different marketing techniques.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Business Law - Essay Example 2 In order to have a valid contract, an offer must sufficiently be accepted. In this case when Simon ordered the 20 coffee machines, there was already a valid offer to purchase the said product from the wholesaler. In order that the contract may be perfected, what is needed is the valid acceptance of the wholesaler. But since the wholesaler made no reply since the offer to purchase on Thursday, Simon had every right to change his mind. When Simon sent a telefax canceling his order on Tuesday thereafter, there was still no perfected contract. The general rule is, once the acceptance is made, the offerror can no longer revoke the offer. But the acceptance becomes binding on the offerree only when it reaches the offeror. In this case the telefax was sent on Tuesday, while the letter of acceptance, confirming the order was received the next day. In order for the contract to be valid, acceptance of the offer is needed to create legal rights and duties arising from such agreement. In this case Simon has revoked his offer prior having knowledge of the acceptance the next day. In the case of Entores Ltd. v Miles Far East Corporation (1955)3, where the parties where dealing on an agreement based on telex communication between parties, it was held that it was not until the message of acceptance was received by the offeror until the contract is deemed perfected or complete. Lord Denning, Master of the Rolls, provided that if a notice of withdrawal was sent during business hours, the withdrawal was effective as of the time it was received by the telex machine, regardless if the other party received it or not based on their own neglect.4 In our case it is obvious that after a number of days without confirmation of the request, Simon sent a telefax canceling his order on Tuesday, a day before there was a valid acceptance from the wholesaler. Hence, he had all the right to revoke his primary offer to purchase the coffee makers since there was no acceptance yet made, there was no contract yet perfected or created at that time. The telefax remains open to receive messages, there was also no confirmation made by the wholesaler that the request to purchase their product was even accepted, in addition to that there was no consideration or payment made. Simon had timely withdrawn his offer before any contract was created, hence he will not be liable for any demand based on breach of a contract that was never effective. The use of disclaimers in shops or place of business is generally allowed by law, but the rule is not absolute, as it does not include responsibility for negligence as provided in the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. Simon cannot rely on his general disclaimer from preventing himself to be sued based on negligence that resulted to damages. The law provides that although disclaimers are allowed, it cannot be made or put in general terms as to limit the liability of the owner in every case, as the limited liability depends on the nature of the obl igation and must be reasonable as not to cause boundless responsibilities. It was held in the case of Staples v West Dorset District Council (1995) 5that a disclaimer or notice to be valid must renounce responsibility based on specific issues6. In this case, Simon posted a notice renouncing all responsibility for