Deppression And Teens Essays - Abnormal Psychology,

Deppression And Teens Young misery is a developing issue in the present society and is regularly a significant contributing variable for a large number of immature issues. The insights about adolescent wanderers, liquor abuse, medicate issues, pregnancy, dietary issues, and self destruction are disturbing. Significantly all the more alarming are the individual stories behind these measurements in light of the fact that the youngsters included originate from all networks, every monetary level, all home circumstances anybody's family. The regular connection is frequently discouragement. For the people encountering this emergency, the measurements become moderately unimportant. The troublesome entry into youthfulness and early adulthood can leave enduring scars on the lives and minds of a whole age of youngsters and ladies. There is developing acknowledgment that high school sadness can be life getting updated, even dangerous. (McCoy 21) Gloom is a dim pool of sentiments and activities researchers have been attempting to comprehend since the times of Hippocrates, who considered it a dark bile. It has been known as the regular cold of psychological maladjustment furthermore, similar to the chilly, it's hard to evaluate. (Arbetter 1) If sentiments of incredible pity or disturbance keep going for considerably more than about fourteen days, it might be sadness. For quite a while, individuals who were feeling discouraged were advised to wake up. As per an investigation done by National Institute of Mental Health, half of all Americans despite everything view despondency as an individual shortcoming or character defect. Despondency, be that as it may, is thought about a clinical issue and can influence considerations, sentiments, physical wellbeing, and practices. It meddles with day by day life, for example, school, companions, and family. Clinical misery is the most debilitating of all interminable conditions as far as social working. (Salmans 11-12) Young people have consistently been defenseless against sorrow for an assortment of reasons. It's a confounding time of life in light of the fact that a teenager's body is changing alongside their connections. Youngsters continually sway between strivings for autonomy from family and relapses to whimsical reliance on it. (Elkind 89) In any case, the present adolescents face an extra test: They're experiencing childhood in a world very not quite the same as that of their parent's childhood. Teenagers today are confronted with stresses that were obscure to past ages furthermore, are managing them in a frequently reckless way. Contemporary society has changed the view of youngsters. New parental ways of life, joined with changes in the economy, frequently give less time and vitality for guardians to give to their posterity. Society very regularly sees teenagers for what they can be rather than for what their identity is. What their identity is turns into the personality of adolescents today. They are stood up to with the equivocalness of training, the dis! arrangement of family, the unfriendly corporate greed of society, and the uncertainty of connections. (McCoy 16) This character is delicate and is compromised by fears of dismissal, sentiments of disappointment, and of being unique. These youngsters face worry in school also with assets waning and grounds brutality and provocation expanding. Their sexual arousing comes in the time of AIDS, when sex can kill. In synopsis, youngsters today have a sense of security, less engaged and less cheerful than we did an age back. Melancholy is a basic corresponding to this battle. (McCoy 36) It strikes 5% of adolescents and about 2% of kids under 12. One of every three young people in the nineties is in danger for genuine despondency. (Harsh 28) Wretchedness is the consequence of an unpredictable blend of social, mental, physical, and natural factors. Teenagers with discouraged guardians are a few times bound to create significant sorrow. Hereditary elements play a considerable yet not overpowering job in causing despondency. (Dowling 37) Some sort of huge misfortune can be a factor in activating high school discouragement. Misfortune can be because of death, separate, detachment, or loss of a relative, significant companion or sentimental intrigue. Misfortune can likewise be progressively inconspicuous for example, the loss of adolescence, of a natural method of being, of objectives through accomplishment, or of limits what's more, rules. (McCoy 46-48) Gender contrasts are getting evident, with young ladies having more trouble with sadness. Studies show young ladies are multiple times more probable than young men to endure despondency. A college study indicated a nearby connection among discouragement and negative self-perception and young ladies are as a rule more unsure about their bodies than young men. (Sol! in 157) The purposes behind

Four Ways to Beat the Feast and Famine Cycle (Without Burning Out)

Four Ways to Beat the Feast and Famine Cycle (Without Burning Out) Independent composing is an exercise in careful control. In the event that you take on an excessive amount of work, you wear out. In the event that you take on too little work, you hazard a pit measured gap in your ledger. What considers simply enough work or simply enough salary changes starting with one independent essayist then onto the next, yet its simpler to locate that sweet spot in the center when you: Pitch Often You dont need to pitch articles each day (however in the event that that works for you, Take in any event One Light But Regular Gig The issue with lucrative assignments, similar to those from magazines and large name partnerships, is that theyre typically transitory. You need something to hold you over in the middle of these assignments, which is the place the light-however ordinary gig comes in. (First of all, look at the gigs promoted at Blog Writers Wanted.) http://blogwriterswanted.com Think about this additional gig as low maintenance work. It may pay lower than what youre OK with, however at any rate youll have pocket cash. Additionally, if the gig includes errands like web based life advancement and picture altering, you can extend your current range of abilities, which places you in a decent situation to wrangle for higher rates later on. An expression of caution, however: Dont remain excessively long in these sorts of occupations. You may fall into the propensity for producing just simple articles, leaving you with brief period and vitality to create progressively troublesome, increasingly rewarding, pieces. On the off chance that a superior open door tags along, and the additional gig is getting to a greater degree a weight than its value, drop it as soon and as expertly as possible. Utilize the 45-15 Rule To all the more likely handle these errands, make a calendar. You need time to pitch, time to compose those $1-a-word assignments, and time for your additional gig. Sounds like a ton to crush into a day, isn't that so? Not in the event that you distribute 15 minutes of rest for at regular intervals of work. This technique keeps your vitality levels stable for the duration of the day, regardless of how long you work. The 45-15 principle encourages you achieve and procure more, without sucking each and every piece of vitality out of you. Make It a Habit to Freewrite Freewriting may not be legitimately identified with salary, however it can spell the distinction between five articles per month and five articles every week. Before you compose any paid article, write down the same number of thoughts as you can about that article without opening Google and ceaselessly to check whether your thoughts bode well. Youll be shocked at what you can think of, and how quick youll have the option to compose the last item. Gala and starvation doesnt must be your ungainly associate. With these tips, youll be en route to an increasingly productive and less distressing composing profession.

Life of a Slave Girl Essay Topics

Life of a Slave Girl Essay TopicsThe life of a slave girl does not offer any incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics. On the contrary, it teaches us how to treat people around us well and how to make our actions speak the truth.The life of a slave girl is a story full of incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics. It may seem that there are no incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics but this is not true at all. If you were to choose the worst incident in the life of a slave girl, you would most likely pick the humiliation that is the consequence of having sex with an adult.Since your house is the place where the master takes his slaves in order to do their business in the bedroom, the life of a slave girl should contain incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics that discuss the common acts that they do in the bedroom of their owner. The master needs to be reminded that while he had sexual relations with the slave girl, she was not in her right m ind. Her behavior in the bedroom says that she is scared of the master and not happy with her situation.When a slave girl has sexual relations with a master in his bed, the slave girl develops a feeling of pleasure. She may even feel euphoric. She also learns that she is worthy of the privileges of having sex with her master. She also learns that if she misbehaves in the master's bed, he would humiliate her by humiliating her in front of her friends and relatives.The life of a slave girl is full of such incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics. At times, the slaves do things that show how good they are. They are happy when their master pays them well for doing their work and they see that their master loves them and does not like to see them do things that are bad. At times, the slaves even act jealous of the master and they may also do things to make him jealous.The life of a slave girl should contain incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics that teach her how t o handle this situation. She should know that she has to learn to compromise and just do as she is told. She should also know that she has to forgive her master and her fellow slaves if she wanted to stay in the master's house.Slavery is not something that is natural. It is something that was created by humans who used their powers to force others to their will. Slave girls who do not respect the master are not respected at all and this is because they disrespect their masters' power and they cannot even think about the relationship with their master.So, the life of a slave girl should contain incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics. The incidents in the life of a slave girl essay topics teach her how to deal with situations when she is in the master's bed.

Citizen An American Lyric By Claudia Rankine - 1604 Words

Thomas Howard 5/6/2016 Untitled â€Å"Let’s pray that the human race never escapes from Earth to spread its iniquity elsewhere.†- C.S. Lewis Citizen: An American Lyric by Claudia Rankine is a lengthy poetic attempt at exposing the competing consciousness pertaining to race and racism in society, pitting the historical person against the individual. Set side by side with The Souls of Black Folks and This Land is Your Land by Woodie Guthrie, Citizen takes on a very distinct impression of separate identities competing in one person. W.E.B. Dubois seems to lay the foundation for the recurring experience described or seemingly described in Citizen when he says, â€Å"It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.† (Dubois) This passage from Dubois sets up the experience in Citizen, explaining the sensation of being judged and viewed by yourself and by society around you. To Dubois, the life of the ‘negro’ is lived in duality between being black (or negro, as Dubois says) and being American. The key implication from this described duality is the separation in identity between being ‘negro’ and being ‘American’. The sameShow MoreRelatedCitizen An American Lyric By Claudia Rankine1505 Words   |  7 PagesCitize n An American Lyric by Claudia Rankine is a unique piece of literature that truly encompasses the concept of being a Black Intellectual assessing the state of Black people in the American society. Among many of Rankine s passages in Citizen, she addresses microaggressions, racial incidents and current events surrounding Black Americans. From there her novel further transitions into assessing high profiled racial and political cases in America of Blacks who have died unjust deaths, as wellRead MoreRacial Profiling And Discrimination By Claudia Rankine s Citizen : An American Lyric Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagestheme in Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric. The author uses everyday encounters to expose the harsh reality African American people live. Rankine’s perspective on racism is applicable to years dating from 1860 and to present day occurrences. Discrimination against African Americans is a continuing problem. Although slavery does not exist today, Afric an Americans continually grieve the agony their ancestors faced throughout the Civil War up to World War II. African Americans overcame slaveryRead MoreDiscussing Theme Of The Works Of Claudia Rankine896 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussing theme in the works of Claudia Rankine Claudia Rankine can best be described as a Jamaican American poet who is constantly â€Å"challenging notions of what poetry should look like.† (Leszkiewicz) Spending most of her life in a predominately white neighborhood, Rankine is an advocate for black lives and notes in one of her poems â€Å"by transforming the slain black body into a public spectacle, America is able to observe such tragedies at a distance.† (Rankine) By discussing what people are uncomfortableRead More##toric Themes In Claudia Rankines Citizen : An American Lyric834 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States. Claudia Rankine’s collection of poems, â€Å"Citizen: An American Lyric† explores these themes. The lyrical themes found in Midnight Oil’s songs relate to Citizen as they exemplify the racial struggle between the Aborigines and the white settlers of Australia which can easily be related to the struggle of the blacks and whites in the US which is exemplified in the songs Beds A re Burning, Warakurna, and The Dead Heart. In the collection of poems, Citizen: An American Lyric, the author,Read MoreIn Claudia Rankine’S Citizen: An American Lyric, Many Themes1170 Words   |  5 PagesIn Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric, many themes come together to show the intricate and fragile lives of black people within the racist construct of America. Anything from the game of tennis filled with bad calls to the outright brutality of police violence against blacks is represented by Citizen. Rankine creates a narrative of the everyday lives of blacks through not only her own experiences but the experiences of others. Citizen: An American Lyric by Claudia Rankine seeks to bringRead MoreAnalysis Of Claudia Rankines Citizen931 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral times of resistance movements for the rights of the black, Americans even have gone through the Civil War which almost ruined the U.S., they still could not be totally free and earn most peoples respect yet. After reading Claudia Rankine s â€Å"Citizen†, it becomes much clearer about the racial discrimination in our real daily life. Claudia Rankine is a poet who is good at writing lyric poetry, her book â€Å"Citizen: A American Lyric† reveals a tragic fact that even as a powerful developed countryRead MoreCitizen : An American Lyric1454 Words   |  6 Pagesconnects all Americans† (â€Å"Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities†). However, regardless of possessing a citizenship, there is an apparent divide in race, highlighted in Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric, as the author exposes the daily experiences of having dark skin in the United States, which can strip the feeling of being American for people. For every citizen to feel like a true citizen of America, a citizenship should not be the only â€Å"thread that connects all Americans† (â€Å"Citizenship†)Read MoreClaudia Rankine s Citizen Contains A Number Of Intricate Images905 Words   |  4 PagesClaudia Rankine’s Citizen contains a number of intricate images usually following a story within a section of the lyric. Using the context of the story, one is able to perceive his or her own meaning for why the image was included. The images provoke thought and emotion in many different ways. While an image may seem sad to some, others may decipher a positive or progressive view of their own. The true beauty of these images alongside their text is that they will bring forth a unique response fromRead MoreAnalysis Of Claudia Rankines Citizen : An American Lyric1099 Words   |  5 PagesA finalist for the National Book Award in poetry, Claudia Rankine’s â€Å"Citizen: An American Lyric† is audacious in form. But what is perhaps especially striking about the book is that it has achieved something that eludes much modern poetry: urgency. â€Å"Citizen† is both insistently topical, with references to Trayvon Martin and stop-and-frisk police tactics, and concerned with intimate moments when racial impasses spring up between friends and colleagues. Stylistically, it takes readers on a ride overRead MoreCitizen : An American Lyric Breaks The Continuum Of A Linear Narrative Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pages Citizen: An American Lyric breaks the continuum of a linear narrative. It forces the reader to pause and engage with the visuals included in it. Furthermore, Claudia Rankine uses commentaries as a literary genre that effectively extends the ways and expressions in which Americans still encounter racism. Visuals and texts juxtapose to create captioned artworks; which Rankine interprets for the reader. Thus, those interpretations function as informative: telling the venues and forms where racism is

The Religious Hypocrisy Of The Black Community - 1225 Words

Term Paper Outline I. Themes a. Religious Hypocrisy Source five page 219- ââ€"  In Hurston’s fiction she depicts people in the black community who claim to be religious, actually have malice and greed at heart. ââ€"  Hurston always makes the distinction between real Catholics and and hypocrites. ââ€"‹ Ex: Deacons of Zion Hope and Reverned John Pearson’s church in Jonah’s Gourd Vine are without mercy. ( Gossip, conniving, treacherous) ââ€"‹ Ex: Malicious Israelites in her novel Moses, Man of the Mountain. ââ€"  She shows that it is true that many blacks profess faith but many differ by how closely they follow their faith. b. Social Happiness depends on Christian love. Source Five page 219 ââ€"  She is also a philosopher who believes happiness depends on Christian love. ââ€"‹ Ex: Reverend John Pearson’s love affair in Jonah’s Gourd Vine leads to his suicid. ââ€"  The sorrow and hurt of the minister in Jonah’s Gourd Vine results from his incapability of love. ââ€"  Ex: In The Gilded Six Bits, Joe continues to love his wife after she cheats and in Their Eyes were Watching God Jamie continued to love her husband after he stole from her. ââ€"‹ In Seraph on the Suwannee, Hurston depicts a white couple from two completely different social classes who can t understand each other s feelings and their marriage fails. ââ€"‹ This shows she believed that a true love can make someone stay happy. ââ€"‹ Ex: In Arvay, the characters are simbà ³lico of those who hold prejudices and are never truly happy till they learn to love theirShow MoreRelatedHarper Lee’s â€Å"to Kill a Mockingbird Seeks to Focus Upon the Hypocrisy of the ‘American Dream’. Discuss.729 Words   |  3 Pagesupon the hypocrisy of the ‘American Dream’. Discuss. The American dream can be defined as a national ethos which encourages freedom for all individuals regardless of their race, religion, colour or socioeconomic status. Through the theory of American Exceptionalism and the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"all men are created equal†, the American Dream presents itself as a system of equal opportunity and prosperity for all citizens. Author, Harper Lee, effectively draws attention to the hypocrisy of theRead MoreColonial New England Ideologies And Religious Beliefs1439 Words   |  6 Pageswere strictly religious in their puritan beliefs. Clergymen were highly educated and forced religious practices in the name of being righteous and holy. Conformity to religion was not considered a rational choice to those that were forced unto American soil and forced to live a way of life so different than their own. Enslaved Africans brought with them their own religious, marriage and funeral, and medicinal practices. These practices prompt ed radical puritans to fear these religious traditions thatRead MoreMorality in Huckleberry Finn Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagescalled to questioned, but it proves that despite the religious influence and social expectation, it is through Huck that in order to do what is morally right, one must challenge the moral teaching of the world. Through observation of his world, Huck makes morally ambiguous choices that though may be against his moral teachings. Choice proves that to act on one’s own judgement despite societies expectations demonstrates that hypocrisy of the community as Twain clearly depicts and satirizes Southern societyRead MoreAfrican Americans During The American Revolution1686 Words   |  7 Pagesand England. Those, however, who were on ships that went to the Caribbean remained slaves until 1834 when slavery was abolished in the British colonies. African American freemen and slaves, although the southern colonies resisted the enlistment of black slaves, who fought for the Patriots where offered freedom and re-settlement after the war. Ideological rationales where offered to garner Patriotic support to openly revolt against British rule in America. The ideological beliefs where based on theRead MoreAmerica Is A Birthing Ground For Religion1708 Words   |  7 Pagesoffered religious tolerance, and colonies were created around their own idealistic religious beliefs. But with all good things comes a struggle to get there, and historically, religious persecution has been a reoccurring theme, with America being no exception. Through a critique and analysis style format, the argument of religious tolerance in correlation to land (acquisition and maintenance) will be presented; not only to show a repeat historical offense, but the impact American religious structureRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And Young Goodman Brown1206 Words   |  5 PagesInfluenced by his Puritan background, Hawthorne focused on individuals and their relationships within their community. Works by Nathaniel Hawthorne such as The Scarlet Letter and You ng Goodman Brown focus on the issues and hypocrisies of a Puritan society. Hawthorne explores the view that many fundamentalist religious groups have in regard to the alienation of members of a society who have been judged as sinful, while also uncovering the hidden evil in everyone, including the most honorable of preachersRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesal. par 3). This statement suggests that there is an appropriate time to create equality among all Americans. To analyze the power strategizes of Martin Luther King’s Letter we must understand this letter was written from a jail cell, where King a black man, was held for protesting for racial equality. Furthermore, King began writing his letter among the margins of the newspaper’s article that contained the clergymen’s statement (King Institute). The statement written by the clergymen and directedRead MoreHypocrisy In Tess Of The DUrbervilles1659 Words   |  7 Pagesjaded view of Christianity in society and was skeptical of its power and morality. In Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy employs biblical allusions, color symbolism, and ironic characterization, to illustrate that religion is often laden with hypocrisy and evils of its own, leading to corruption within the church and corruption of its teachings. Hardy’s uses bible verses ironically, adding to his view that religion is hypocritical and callous. First, during one of her morning talks with AngelRead MoreMartin Luther King s Letter From Birmingham Jail1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential social activist, shared the same ideals, preaching to his people to fight for their freedom with words and not their fists. Martin Luther King Jr. used the power of rhetoric during the civil rights movement to gain equality for the black community. MLK was a master of rhetoric and used his knowledge of proper arguments to sway the opinions of people in power to get what he wanted. Even though Martin Luther King includes an abundance of rhetorical devices in the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham JailRead MoreDavid Walker: Analysis of the Appeal Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesparticular, and very expressly to those of the United States of America, â€Å"promoted racial solidarity and moral elevation with fervor,† and is as much a pol itical source as it is religious. His Appeal adamantly argues against oppression and slavery while encouraging a vivacious and lively spirit amongst the black community, in the hopes of promoting unity and diminishing the acceptance of mistreatment from their white counterparts. To convey this message, which was presented in a mannerism that was

Feminism A Consciousness Of Women s Social And Economic...

For me, now, feminist art must show a consciousness of women s social and economic position in the world. I also believe it demonstrates forms and perceptions that are drawn from a sense of spiritual kinship between women (theartstory.org) are the words of artist, Suzanne Lacy. In a world where men are looked at as superior, feminism is an incredibly important movement in the eyes of a woman. All of the feelings and emotions that have manifested within women throughout the years, are able to be expressed through feminism. The impact of this movement has lasted over decades and gives women the power to stick together and fight for what they believe in. The feminist movement of the 1960’s was represented through, The Sculpture II by Kirsten Justesen, and by the song, â€Å"You Don’t Own Me† by Lesley Gore. Looking through history, feminism can be traced all the way back to the revolutionary war. In this time, women went as far as dressing as men in order to fight f or their country and what they believe in. Later on, it is presented during the time of the Women’s Suffrage movement, allowing women to vote with the 19th Amendment. Although women always found ways to fight back against society, feminism was never an actual developed idea. It only began in the early 1960’s that women really started questioning why they were so inferior to men. Women weren t allowed to have much of an opinion before the sixties; if they dared to say what they thought it would be considered absurd.Show MoreRelatedThe First Wave Of Feminism767 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment – What is feminism? Describe how it has evolved in the United States and include the three phases. The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities organized activity in support of woman s rights and interests The first wave of feminism took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, emerging out of an environment of urban industrialism and liberal, socialist politics. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunities for women, with a focus onRead MoreSocial Construction And Its Impact On Society Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesSocial construction Social construction is when words, identities and concepts are socially and historically constructed in a society. In other words, this is when the value and meanings are tied to concepts such as feminity, masculinity, race, class and gender. Hence, this same values and meanings of such concepts change and impact the society we live in. Furthermore, the idea of a social construct is significant in many various ways. For example, social construct helps us understand about feminityRead MoreFeminism : A Social, Economic, And Social Equality Of The Sexes1465 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism. This seemingly harmless word can ruin or heighten a person’s reputation, it can give someone new views on the world, it can destroy relationships, it can build new ones; this single word can change lives. Most people categorize â€Å"feminism† as a code for women that tells them to hate men, not shave, burn bras, be vegan, and if there is any time left over maybe, just maybe, to fight for women’s rights. Now, there are definitely feminists that fulfill this stereotype but the vast majority ofRead MoreHow Feminism Changed The Lives Of Women, Men And Families Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pageswave of feminism changed the lives of women, men and families 2. More women were able to get an education, so more minds contributed to discovers and breakthroughs, more people in the workforce, less strain on men to be sole provider 3. Stay at home dads, reversed gender roles II. Questioning 1. Who- Women, men and families 2. What – Feminism 3. When – when did feminism begin 4. How- How did feminism begin 5. Why- Why did feminism begin III. Scratch Outline Introduction- Feminism significantlyRead MoreWomen s Movement Of The United States1438 Words   |  6 Pagessimilarities between female and male, or women and men. In general, men usually have different responsibilities and duties as women. From history to modern time, the differences between women and men has changed a lot. It’s nearly 70 years ago, that fight for women’s suffrage began in the United States. The Women’s Movement is a movement to combat sexual discrimination and to gain full legal, economic, vocational, educational and social rights and opportunities for women, equal to those of men. One of theRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Class Division And The Feminist Theory2174 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will compare the effectiveness of social division using Karl Marx’s theory of class division and the feminist theory of patriarchy. I will also link this to ethnicity in black feminism and evaluate how relevant these theories are to society today. Social division is the discrimination of a group of people in society based on social class, gender or ethnicity. This can then cause disruption within society. The two main theories of social division are Karl Marx’s theory of class divisionRead MoreDorothy E. Smith1454 Words   |  6 PagesMid-twenties, she worked at a book publishing company. Smith attempted to make a career in the publishing field, but soon realized women were not welcomed or respected. Due to the disappointing job prospects, Smith decided to enroll in college. She was accepted to the London School of Economics and achieved a bachelor’s degree in sociology with a major in social anthropology. Smith went to the University of California at Berkeley in 1955 and later earned a PhD in sociology. There she met andRead More Defining Prostitution Essay1034 Words   |  5 Pagescontrast of philosophical views that prostitution has had on society. The liberal positions on prostitution are that prostitution should be legalized which would eliminate laws prohibiting prostitution and allow prostitutes to work without fear of state prosecution or legalization although, they have always seen prostitution as degrading to women. The liberal feminist support women choices to commodity their sexuality and argue that the choices are usually freely madeRead MoreMarxism, Feminism And The Works Of Max Weber1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe following essay is an attempt to explain and evaluate Marxism, Feminism and the works of Max Weber. I will also attempt to relate each of these different sociological explanations to contemporary society. According to Karl Marx (1818-1883) all the struggles of all societies throughout history are due to confrontations of power and exploitation. Marx believed that all societies had divisions of class and therefore inequality as a result of capitalism. He believed that capitalism would alwaysRead MoreThe First Wave Of Women s Suffrage Movement1653 Words   |  7 Pageswomen’s suffrage. During this time, most women in the United States did not have many economic and political rights. Back then priorities of women were to take care of their homes, families, and husbands. These earlier feminists, also known as the first wave feminists, simply wanted a voice and this led to the women’s suffrage movement. By 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment finally passed and gave women the right to vote (Kotef). This successful movement influenced women everywhere in the world and continued

Role of Accounting Information in Decision Making Process

Question: Discuss about the Role of Accounting Information in Decision Making Process. Answer: Introduction: Profession is defined as any sort of paid occupation, which involves the prolonged training and the formal qualification in order to achieve the job specification of a particular. The report aims to provide a contextual background of the future profession. In the given case, my future profession has been seen in term of being designated in the role of chartered financial analyst in a reputed accounting firm based in Australia. The report aims to identify and explore the relevant ideas of the profession in terms of the identifying the role for the accounting information in the overall decision-making process in the organization. The report will further aim to provide the necessary information, which is needed to produce a critical review of the understanding of the report title and essence of 'become a professional in the accounting area. The main aim of the report will be directly related to the application of the key components of the accounting information in the overall decision-m aking process. The future role has been identified in terms of the application of the relevant concepts related to the accounting information and accounting information system (Christensen Feltham, 2012). The main objective of the accounting information system has been identified in terms of identifying and providing of relevant solution related to the financial information concerning a particular organization. In general, the role of the accounting information has been seen in terms of the components concerning the financial situation of a particular organization. The importance of the accounting information is seen as important criteria to achieve the relevant objectives of the company and comparing the parameters in terms of the other companies. Influence of External Environment According to Jackson, Hussainy, Kirkpatrick (2016), there have been different factors observed affecting the external environment. The influence of the external environment in accounting context will be done based on PESTLE analysis. The efficient and open nature of the legal system of Australia has paved the way for efficient, transparent and legal framework for the application of the accounting information system in the overall decision-making process. It has been further observed that the country has shown several scope of improvement in offering great investment opportunity. This is directly relevant to the application of the accounting information system (King, 2016). Based on the information available from the social stratification, it has been identified that the Non-manual workers are seen to be earning more than the manual workers are earning. It has been further observed that the profession, which includes occupations such as accountants and management accountants, have be en identified as one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy. The situational analysis has thus been depicted using various factors for the external environment (Morris Metternicht, 2016). Influence of Internal Environment The research will also take into account the internal environment. According to Grant (2016), the internal factors are those factors, which are intrinsic to a particular organization. This is directly relevant to the application of the concepts related to the organizations internal environment. Some of the internal environment in term of the project context will be taken in form of the factors such as policies, nature of business, culture, methods and the standards. The standards are related to the respective AASB accounting standards. Furthermore, the different internal parameters will be identified in terms of the project, innovation and business as usual (Cabeza et al., 2014). Background and problem The main problem has been identified in terms of generating poor quality of the accounting information. The report will look forward to generate information based on various types of the quality dimension parameters. These dimensions will look into the issues, which have been mainly observed in the areas such as accuracy, timeliness and consistency with representation of the information value. The main aim of the report is to generate a comprehensive data is directly related to identification of the issues in areas such as total quality management (TQM) and Just in time (JIT). The report also aims to focus on the effectiveness on the use of the accounting information for the industries based in Australia. Objectives The main objective to identify the previous cases, which has been seen with the different types of the concerned issues as proposed to be addressed in the report. The research study will also identify the frequency of using accounting information in decision making in various type of the companies and industries based in Australia. The study will further know about the effectiveness of the use of the accounting information for the fulfillment of the long-term objectives. The latter part of the report also aims to provide the relevant solutions and recommendation measures to overcome the relevant accounting problems. What are the main quality issues identified in terms of accounting information Why is it necessary to use accounting information for the purpose of effective decision making? What is the role of the accounting information in terms of corporate vision, corporate objectives, corporate growth strategies and in achieving core competency of the organization in terms of the competitors? What is the role of quality accounting information in capital raising activities of the organization? Accounting Information According to Sutton Arnold (2013), accounting information is identified as the procedure of storing, collecting and the processing of the various type of financial information, which may be later on used by the decision makers. The process of the accounting information has been mainly seen to done on computers. With the advent of the cloud commuting concepts several software like MYOB and XERO has enabled the management professionals and accounting professionals to store and access the data using the online accounting tools. Hence, the above discussed tools has been able to cover the different aspects of accounting information (Ball, Li Shivakumar, 2013). The main benefit of the use of the online tools has been able to suffice the relevant requirement of the organizations in terms of the fast storing, retrieval and easy updating of the information. The computer based accounting system is in conjunction with the information technology (Drake, Guest Twedt, 2014). It has been further observed that the management can use the various types of the financial information available both internally or externally. This includes the concern of the various types of the parties such as investors, creditors and the information gathered from the tax authorities (Demski, 2013). The accounting information are designed to support the accounting functions which includes the various types of activities such as financial accounting, reporting, auditing, managerial/ management, accounting and application of the taxation norms in the company (Hall, 2012). Role of accounting information in decision-making According to Ismail King, (2014), since the beginning of 1970s, the main use of the accounting information has been identified in terms of the application of the system has been seen to be designed for the payroll functions. The use of AIS also plays a significant role in terms of delivering adequate quality in the reports (Adenike Michael, 2016). It has been also seen that the accounting information has been also put to use for the predominant development of the in house legacy systems. As the these approaches are seen to be time consuming and difficult in nature the accounting information in the modern times has been seen to be used in terms of the commercially sold prebuilt software packages such as Xero, MYOB, Microsoft, Sage Group, SAP and Oracle Corporations (Soudani, 2012). Hence, several types of the large organizations are known to use the ERP system to integrate the various types of the accounting information (Collier, 2015). Proposed data collection and analysis The data will be collected from 25 respondents based in Australia. Among the 25-selected participant for the research study, 20 will be management accountants and 5 will be managers working different types of companies based in Australia who are responsible to deal with accounting information in day to day life. The primary data collection process will be mainly involving survey method. The secondary data collection process will be done based on books and articles, which will signify the previous trend of the quality issues in terms of the accounting data. The secondary sources will be also able to signify the deferent types of the influence, which the accounting information has in the overall decision making of the organization. Hence, the research process is identified as a mix of both primary and secondary analysis of the information. The analysis of the data will be done by using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The different types of the responses of the participants will be converted in percentage values. In addition to this, Sample technique such as simple random sampling and convenience sampling method. The quantitative techniques will involve the application of evaluation techniques like central tendency analysis of respondents data. Some of the techniques applied are Mean, Standard Error, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation. The qualitative analysis will be mainly based on the business research methods, service demonstrations and the evaluation based on a thematic approach. Milestones and schedule Formulation of Milestone Report SL No. Particulars Week No. Start Finish 1 Reviewing the Research objectives Week 1 Mon 1/2/17 Tue 1/10/17 2 Carrying out Survey research Week 2 Wed 1/11/17 Thu 1/19/17 3 Updating the questionnaire Week 3 Thu 1/19/17 Fri 1/27/17 4 Identifying Relevant quality issues Week 4 Fri 1/27/17 Mon 2/6/17 5 Updating research processes Week 5 Mon 2/6/17 Tue 2/14/17 6 Formalizing business accounting information with participants Week 6 Tue 2/14/17 Wed 2/22/17 7 Application of the data analysis techniques Week 7 Wed 2/22/17 Thu 3/2/17 8 Initiation of the Recommendation Process Week 8 Fri 3/3/17 Mon 3/13/17 Conclusion The various types of the research approach given will be able to evaluate the different types of the data analysis. The different types of the perspective of the data collection technique will include the use of both primary and secondary data collection technique. The data evaluated will be based on qualitative and quantitative method of data collection. The various types of the data collection technique will be able to how the different types of the research application techniques used as a methodology of the research. This will have a direct impact in the future profession to identify the various types of the parameters, which will be directly related to the identification of the quality issues in the repro the accounting information. The different type the accounting information will be also based on the identification of the use accounting information for effective decision-making. The report will be also able to state the role of the accounting information in terms of corporate vision, corporate objectives, and corporate growth strategies and in achieving core competency of the organization in terms of the competitors. In addition to this the different types of the data analysis conducted in this research will be able to provide the necessary data for the role of quality accounting information in capital raising activities of the organization. The research process will also be able to state on the sequence of the activities, which needs to be maintained for conducting the research. Reference List Adenike, A. T., Michael, A. A. (2016). Effect of Accounting Information System Adoption on Accounting Activities in Manufacturing Industries in Australia. Ball, R., Li, X., Shivakumar, L. (2013). Mandatory IFRS adoption, fair value accounting and accounting information in debt contracts.Fair Value Accounting and Accounting Information in Debt Contracts (September 11, 2013). Cabeza, L. F., Rincn, L., Vilario, V., Prez, G., Castell, A. (2014). Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of buildings and the building sector: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,29, 394-416. Christensen, P. O., Feltham, G. (2012).Economics of Accounting: Information in markets(Vol. 1). Springer. Collier, P. M. (2015).Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Demski, J. (2013).Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media. Drake, M. S., Guest, N. M., Twedt, B. J. (2014). The media and mispricing: The role of the business press in the pricing of accounting information.The Accounting Review,89(5), 1673-1701. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hall, J. A. (2012).Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Ismail, N. A., King, M. (2014). Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), 1-20. Jackson, J. K., Hussainy, S. Y., Kirkpatrick, C. M. (2016). Identification of major factors in Australian primary care pharmacists practice environment that have a bearing on the implementation of professional models of practice.Australian Health Review. King, A. S. (2016).Staying ahead of the game: a framework for effective aquaculture decision-making(Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania). Morris, A., Metternicht, G. (2016). Assessing effectiveness of WEEE management policy in Australia.Journal of Environmental Management,181, 218-230. Soudani, S. N. (2012). The usefulness of an accounting information system for effective organizational performance.International Journal of Economics and Finance,4(5), 136. Sutton, S. G., Arnold, V. (2013). Focus group methods: Using interactive and nominal groups to explore emerging technology-driven phenomena in accounting and information systems.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(2), 81-88.

Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu

Introduction The American society can be described as a melting pot of culture with different people of different nationalities with different cultures coming together to form a nation. The history of America depicts a continent that is sparsely populated by the Indian tribes of America who are the original residents of the continent and whose existence is in jeopardy due to assimilation.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu-Jaber Arabian Jazz and Crescent specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The dominance and identity of the different races in the American society can be attributed to the time of their arrival in America and their numbers as well thus giving them a strong position in being accepted in society. This issue has been the biggest challenge to the minority groups that came to America late, and whose numbers are still low compared to other communities. Thus, they have tended to be made to look like outsiders in a country where their ancestors came and were buried. One minority group that has suffered the stigma of not being easily accepted in the society is the Asian group and specifically the Arab society. Most of the Asians who have migrated to America have tended to stick to their culture thus further alienating themselves from the community that is so diverse. This issue has therefore affected the reception of the Arab American literature and its acceptability in society because it ropes in their cultural practices and beliefs, which are not subscribed to by other communities as Hassan (‘The Rise of Arab American Literature’ 248) reveals. As the study reveals, in a bid to change this situation, authors such as Abu-Jaber have come up with novels written in a form that would integrate the peculiarities of Arab literature with the mainstream American forms of writing as a way of finding acceptability in the American literary world. The study therefore provides a detailed review of the Arab literature using Abu-Jaber’s works as the basis of argument. Reading Arab American Literature America’s nature as a melting pot of culture is rich in different forms of literature that tend to identify with different groups. This diversity has been the only way for many different groups making up the American society to retrace their steps and curve out an identity for their society. As Majaj finds, by so doing, different communities in the American society have turned to literature as a way of expressing their culture and practices as well as a way of preserving the same for the future generations (69).Advertising Looking for dissertation on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effect of a mosaic society is that the cultures of the groups in that society tend to fade with practices that are more acceptable across the board remaining firm as the only ways the society has for a common ground. Many writers in America have therefore focused their style of writing on what is perceived to be acceptable to their ethnic or racial communities as a way of selling or educating the larger society of their culture. The success of literary writers in society has therefore been pegged on the perception of the society on the community of the specific writer and its attitude towards the style of writing the writer will adapt (Hassan ‘Arab American Autobiography’ 9) because the levels of tolerance for different communities’ practices differ. In most instances, these practices are informed by culture. Strong and rigid culture has been known to attract resentment due to its nature of not conceding anything in exchange for acceptability. Acceptability of culture in society has always been hinged on the universality of the practices making up the culture as well as practices that are tolerable. T his one aspect about society has gone a long way to determine the acceptability of literary works in the American society. The different ethnic groups in the American society play a big role in promoting the works prepared by the members of their community through the numbers in the sales of books. Communities with big numbers tend to promote the sales of one of their own thus reflecting the outcome as a success. Minority groups can only attract sales from their own, which in the end will be too little to count. Therefore, the population number in the society of given communities counts so much when it comes to success in writing unless the writers’ work is not a reflection of the society from where they are coming. Arab American literature has gone through so many challenges since the first Arab writers started to publish works in the United States of America (Hassan ‘The Rise of Arab American Literature’ 247). To date, the Arab American literature is still in a state of transformation in such a way that it cannot be definitely defined.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu-Jaber Arabian Jazz and Crescent specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In her interview with Abu Jaber, Shalal notes that most Arab American writers have struggled to penetrate the American society beyond their communities because of literary, social, and political issues that have for a long time acted as an inhibition to their growth. Arab American literature comes across as work meant to preserve and defend a culture as well a society where most cultures have been melted together. The Arab American society has been defined along cultural, political, and religious lines, which have been resented by the larger American society (Orfaela 117). The need by the Arab Americans to maintain their culture has been expressed in their literary works thus becomin g a defining point of their work. This case has made it difficult for the larger society to be attracted to the work because it pursues a narrow community’s hegemonistic interests that may not be the interest of the whole society in general. The earliest Arab American publications were newspapers that leaned on religion, which in this case is Islam and politics in their countries of origin in the Middle East. Naaman indicates that this was all done with the belief that the Arab community will one day go back to its homeland and hence the need to preserve its Arab identity (267). The need therefore made this kind of literature a preserve for Arabs who would want to one day go back to their motherland. There is no way that the works would have elicited any interest in the larger American society or commanded acceptability. Reading Arab American literature requires one to first understand the Arabic cultural practices that provide the tone for the writings. Thus, without this un derstanding, one may not be able to understand the thoughts or messages as they are being delivered. Transformations in Arab American Literature The Arab American literature has gone through so many transformations for many years since its advent because the styles and themes employed were narrow in such a way that they were specifically meant to capture a specific audience, which was the Arab community. Therefore, according to Rana, the authors were whatsoever never interested in capturing an audience beyond their community thus leading to their works being limited in scope (548). The need to uphold a form of filial piety in their works led to the Arab American writers concentrating more on a writing tone touching on their culture and in turn simply making their writings look like an Arabic translation.Advertising Looking for dissertation on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The wider American society thrives on the independence of the mind and utmost liberty, which does not expect one’s mind to be tied by cultural beliefs and laws that act as a prohibition to being a creative mind. This case therefore made the Arab American literature produced by early generation Arab Americans seem more of a critique of the American society’s practices as Ludescher (96) finds. As the Arab American literature continued to grow, it grew to a sort of nostalgic tool that would be used for craving for home by the writers. The use of Arab tradition as a defining tool for Arab American literature was simply a way of reconnecting with their homeland by the writers thus making it difficult for their literature to find acceptability among the masses (Ludescher 103). On the other hand, the need to gain acceptability by the masses has led to a change in tact by Arab American writers. In fact, they have had to come up with works that resonate positively with the soci ety they live in because the acceptability of their works by publishers has been limited due to societal expectations and stereotypes that the larger society holds towards the Arab community. As Abu-Jaber confirms in an interview with Aljadid, her work has been limited largely concerning what is acceptable for publishing. She has been forced to edit and re-edit some of her works numerous times until they have lost the lustre the writer had intended for them (Shalal Para. 2). Arab American literature has always had two themes that are identifiable with their work. These themes are religion and politics back home. These two constitute the sensitive issues in the American society because the larger American society is always on the other side of the divide when it comes to matters touching on Arabic politics and religion. Therefore, Arab American writers have been inhibited with these factors whenever they want to express them in their literary works because most publishers would not w ant them expressed in their publications. More so, they would receive condemnation from the lager society (Shalal Para. 3). In search of acceptability, the Arab American literature has had to continuously transform itself over time with the hope that it would create resonance with the American society. Much still, most of the early generation Arab Americans are now gone. In their place, there is a new generation of Arab Americans born and brought up in America, and with distant roots and touch with their motherland. This group has most of its people identified as Arabs who cannot speak a word in Arabic. Just like the black community in America, all they know of their motherland is that it was where they originated but have no roots completely. This group is at last producing writers who do not have too much attachment to their Arabic culture but in essence trying to create a balance between the two communities to which they belong. Most of the young Arab American writers have been c ritical in their writing, a fact that has endeared them to the public. Their criticism though has been balanced in that they criticise both communities. Previous Arab American writers were reluctant to criticise their community because, being in a foreign land, they felt that it would be disloyal to disown their practices. This view according to Allen has not been so with young Arab American writers who do not feel compelled by the filial piety their customs demand (474). They tend to air their views in an American fashion. Their belonging to the American society has made them understand what the society wants to hear. The big challenges that the previous Arab American writers had can still be traced to the present-day upcoming writers. The issue of politics as well as religion in the Middle East can be described to be part of any Arab identity. Arabs of all generations passionately hold and express the views. The American publishers have not tolerated the criticism of Israel in the ir works since they will be otherwise branded anti Semitic, a fact, which would have much harsher implications from the American public, which has a substantive number of the Jewish population (Shalal Para. 2). Reading the Arab American literature therefore can be interesting in that the writers employ different forms of writing that they are hopeful will endear them to the public thus making the Arab American literature a form of mosaic that cannot be defined in one way. Challenges in Arab American Literature Different writers employ different styles that they hope will identify them as Arab Americans because no single writing style has established a foothold in the Arab American society. The continuous transformation of the styles can be attributed to a need to find a foothold. Therefore, according to Albakry and Siler, the latest style by younger Arab American writers that tends to be critical of their own society is just one of the ways that are being followed to find a standing point for the same (113). A critical point that should be noted about the Arab American literature and acceptability in society is the political situation around the world. Though the Arab American literature had started picking up, it was upset by the 9/11 events that have since opened new doors for alienation and stereotyping. Most Arab American writers have found it difficult to convince the literary world to look at them with a different eye thus extending the case to their work (Metres 3). The larger society tends to look at them with a suspicious eye thus resenting any form of writing that is defensive of the Arabic culture or one that seems to be promoting it. Reading the Arab American literature, one finds that more women dominate this field than would be expected of the Arabic culture. As Naaman points out, women have used Arab American literature to find their lost voice in a society that is believed to be patriarchal (269). It has been identified as one way that women ha ve found a platform to communicate their problems to the larger society, which for a long time has been shut out of the goings in the Arab society or which has been disinterested in the Arabic culture. The difference that comes out is that most Arab American male writers have tended to lean towards the status quo because they are the beneficiaries of the system at the end of the day. Cultural Integration Abu-Jaber has employed symbols in different ways in her novels to reveal the theme of culture. They can be identified in the way she has portrayed her subject and the main themes that come out of her work. The division of cultures is identifiable in this work. The motif here can be described as half-half experiences by the characters (Limpar 483). This technique is metaphorically presented in her work when she portrays her characters as belonging to two worlds to which they are torn apart in identifying with. In the Arabian Jazz, Matussem’s family is seen to belong to two wor lds that refuse to fuse comply. The characters are made to shed so much of either world to be accepted in one world. Nora complains of her life in Jordan where she suffers from gossip from other women. Her two worlds refuse to integrate completely because her American descendants granted her freedom while her new life as an Arab wife is meant to take away the free will (Limpar 485). Matussem too has a division of the two worlds when he marries an American wife. He learns and admires the American lifestyle thus ending up gravitating and finally relocating to America. Jemorah is a representation of two halves with one being an American half while the second one is an Arab half. These two halves are represented in her race as well as her culture whereby she cannot fully define herself as American nor Arab. Her origin and skin colour describe her as Arab while her home, the American home country, defines her by the American culture, which she is supposed to identify with. Jazz music too has been defined into a half- half. In the Arabian Jazz, the music whose origin is African American has been called Arabian jazz thus depicting it as being found in two worlds. Sirine who is the protagonist in The Crescent has also been depicted as belonging to two worlds. Thus, her existence is half – half. Her half Arab and half American have been used to show the confusion that Arab Americans face especially the young ones with very little connection to the Arab world. The American influence is so strong that it is difficult to ignore or simply do away with while the Arab influence too is strong and emanating from the family. The half–half world is full of confusion as the characters strive to fit in the two worlds while at the same time trying to find a sense of belonging. Abu Jaber’s book, ‘The Arabian Jazz’ strategically presents the theme of seeking self-identity for Arab Americans especially the immigrants. The author writes from an Arab-Am erican point of view by bringing out the situations that many Arab Americans experience in their live away from home. The Arabian Jazz explores the different ways Arab Americans have tried to integrate themselves into the American society. This integration has more so been driven by the need to find a new home and a sense of belonging now that circumstances have driven them away from home. The author has chosen fiction as the best way to bring out the story of the Arab American society in America because the use of fiction can allow her to expand her narration and include so many different experiences in one text (Cherif 215). Retelling a real life story sometimes limits the author to specifics that happened. This case might just inhibit the way the author wishes to tell the story. This argument reveals why Abu-Jaber in the Arabian Jazz has chosen to use fictitious characters to retell a story that so many Arab immigrants undergo (Hartman 160). Abu-Jaber uses music as a meeting poin t between two cultures that have a few commonalities in the American society. El-Hajj and Harb find that she uses jazz to marry the Arab and the African, American communities, which are known to be the owners of Jazz music (139). Due to the need to seek identity in a society that is racially prejudiced, the author portrays a society that is trying to find a starting point for its acceptability in a new civilisation. Matussem finds himself at a loss on what he should do to become fully acceptable as an American because the best linkage he had to the American society was his wife who is now demised. The picture of an Arab man trying to raise two daughters in a foreign culture makes the story more interesting to read. Abu-Jaber has fused the two cultures through music when she indicates in the book that the racial card used against Arabs made them try to find a definite group to identify with it. In this case, the issue of Arabs not being defined as white nor black leaves the character s in the book hanging in between therefore forcing them to find on their own the closest group they can identify with (Fadda-Conrey 189). Therefore, for not being white enough to be fully accepted to be white, the characters choose black as the group to be identified with as one that they seem to have common tribulations. Thus, jazz has been used to connect the two groups together as a form of identity search. Jazz in this case can be viewed as a metaphor to portray a person who identifies himself or herself with something he or she is not. Jemorah seeks to find her identity in this case. She settles for black as her identity because she is not acceptable as a white though her mother was white while her father was of the Arabic origin (Abu-Jaber ‘Arabian Jazz’ 294). Music as a Cultural Tool The author has used music to create a bridge between two communities. In this case, jazz has been chosen because it is the music originating from the black community, which the Arabs are leaning towards in search of their identity. While responding to her employer’s ridicule, Jemorah says that her paternal grandmother was black and that she used such roots to identify herself as black (Abu-Jaber ‘Arabian Jazz’ 295). Thus, this identity with blacks can only have a common ground in music because, at the end of the day, the Arabic and the black culture seem to have a distant meeting point. Music is sweet to the ears since it tends to attract attention from all. Music beats from any community are danceable by people from all societies without even understanding it. Therefore, the author’s employment of music as a platform for marrying the two cultures is a seamless way of integrating the Arab story into the American society without making it look foreign. The author has used music to integrate the Arab culture into the American culture in the conservative Arabic way. This strategy can be found in the choice of jazz as the music to integra te the two cultures. Arabic culture is very conservative in nature and hence the reason why Arab Americans have taken too long to integrate into the American society. On the other hand, jazz as music is acceptable across the board. Its appeal does not seem to offend conservative groups and hence its acceptability within the Arabic setting. Therefore, the choice specifically of jazz has been deliberate due to the need by the author to relate the black culture and the Arabic culture. The use of music also fuses well with Arab oral tradition, which is one of the ways the Arabs use to pass their culture down to the next generation. Thus, its use in this case cannot be viewed in the extreme of being just Arabic but as an entertainment topic. Therefore, music has been used in this book by the author to create a common ground between the Arab American community, the African American community and the larger white American community. More so, it fuses the Arab American community and the Afr ican American society. Food as a Cultural Tool Food has been used as a cultural symbol in the Arabian The Crescent as noted by Fadda-Conrey (194). Food for Sirine and Hanif is their private language since their words flow into eating (Abu-Jaber ‘The Crescent’ 266). Food in this case is a bridge that brings together the different communities not only the Arab communities. It can be defined as a unifying factor for foreigners seeking to create an identity of their own in a country where their race is prejudiced. Food is the common ground for others who wish to mix with other cultures. It is seen when the two police officers who love the Arab stew become identifiable with foreigners at the restaurant. It simply depicts them as different persons in their community who are also bended on affiliating with groups that are not their own. The Arab restaurant is a melting pot of culture. Arabs from different parts of the world are seen to come together and shed their ethnic and t ribal identities to adopt a single identity that they will further on be identified with while in a foreign country (Fadda-Conrey 189). Abu-Jaber employs the use of Arabic terms in her work thus giving it a tone that leaves the reader in a form of suspense. The suspense leads the reader to connect the meaning of the foreign words used in the text from the whole text thus drawing him or her to read further. Food has been used by Abu-Jaber to mean the glue that binds people. The closest the characters in The Crescent have come to have a common ground has been through food. The author has avoided the use of politics and religion as the common ground for her characters due to the reaction that these two subjects evoke when it comes to Arabs and America (Shakir 42). Therefore, the author has cleverly brought in the subject of food as a means of creating a ground where characters in the work meet. Food can be viewed here as a metaphor more than what it is, food. It can also be used to des cribe a form of ethnic belonging for a given group of people. The author has used it to bring together the different Arab groups from the East, West, South, and North. Around food, these people find a common ground since it depicts an emotional bonding session for a group of persons far away from their motherland (Bardenstein 165). The attachment that the characters have towards the traditional food means that they have failed to detach from their motherland. Longing for their motherland food can be construed to mean longing for their motherland. Though the characters in the stories are in America and are expected to be automatically Americanised, this case does not happen as so. Sirine can be viewed differently from other immigrants coming to the cafà © where she works. Whereas these other characters in The Crescent can be described as first generation immigrants, Sirine is not one because she was born and brought up in America. However, her attraction towards identifying with her motherland drives her to find work in an Arab restaurant. The confusion that she goes through makes her fail to get married until late when she meets her Arab crescent in the form of Hanif. Conflict in Need for Identity Abu Jaber’s work explores a situation in a society where two cultures are meeting despite their being incompatible. The American culture is full of freedom and liberal tones while the Arabic culture is full of conservatism and old order, which is affecting a generation of Arab American children who are torn between being Americans and fitting well in society or sticking to their Arab culture to live in the old order one. Matussem is divided on what to follow when he marries an American woman and/or when it comes to the need to follow his Arab roots. This division of thought drives him to leave for America after he falls for the American dream, which means freedom but which is opposite to what his mother would expect of him as an Arab. Therefore, he leaves his country to a place where as, Abu-Jaber puts it, â€Å"he could recreate himself† (‘Arabian Jazz’ 260). The characters in the book are divided on what identity to conform to since the forces around them seem too strong to betray. Fatima dissuades Jemorah from going back to Jordan- a country where she was brought up in and where the real Arab culture thrives because of her memories of suffering that she encountered. When she flashes back her life then and her life now in America, she finds America a better place to stay. The conflict is therefore brought in the mind of the characters on what to choose from between the two societies. They are torn between their two new cultures with one that takes away their freedom and the other one that restores the liberty. The Arab culture is discriminatory in this case because it gives men all the freedom. As Matussem’s aunt puts it, â€Å"a man could let himself fly into the world like an arrow† (Abu-Jaber †˜Arabian Jazz’ 99) meaning that men would be allowed to do anything as compared to women who would not be allowed to break any rules. In the Arabic culture therefore, women were the preservatives of culture as they were supposed to observe it strictly. In The Crescent, the main character (Sirine) is an Arab American who fails to psychologically accept the American culture thus choosing to uphold her Arabic culture. The dream of the character can be found in the Iraq exile Hanif with whom the character falls in love. Hanif can be described as Sirine’s crescent and an answer to Sirine’s cultural dilemma because Sirine refuses to be identified with the American culture fully. Her leaning towards her Arabic culture seems to be controlling her choices thus leading her to finally fall in love with a real Arab. While observing culture in the two books, the distinction that comes out is that the Arabian jazz tends to portray characters willing to be identified with the American culture while the crescent leans towards characters who are conservative wishing to preserve their culture as much. Food has been used in The Crescent as a symbol of unity and identity because it is believed to bring Arabs of different origins together to the cafà ©. The Role of an Arab Man The writer uses imagery in describing the Arab man as being like an arrow that shoots into the air to depict the amount of freedom that Arab men enjoy at the expense of their women. In the Arab setting, women are supposed to be obedient and submissive to their men. They are also not supposed to break any rules pertaining to their culture as depicted by Fatima when she describes men as having been born lucky. They can do whatever they want. They are not supposed to be reprimanded or criticised especially by women. Matussem has all the freedom to make decisions on where he wants to settle down. Thus, he goes away from his homeland to settle in America. Though he has chosen America as his new home, he is divided on whether to bring up his daughters the American way or bring them up strictly in the Arabic culture. This confusion shows the freedom men have in making their decisions and at the same time depicting the limitations they are supposed to put in a woman’s life (Albakry and Siler 112). Matussem according to his native Arabic culture is supposed to bring up his daughters in a purely Arabic manner though he is not tied by the same culture. By choosing to play jazz music, which is black American, the writer depicts the freedom of choice that Arabic men have in deciding their destiny. Matussem chooses jazz as a way of integrating himself into the American society though Jazz is a Black American music and not Arabic music. He could have chosen to play Arabic music if he wanted. However, due to the freedoms he has, like an arrow, he shot where his heart sent him. The Subject of Tragedy The author’s portrayal of Fatima is that of a custodian of the old order. Fatima is meant to represent the Arabic culture in its real form as traced to her views on the American culture. She was simply meant to come to America to keep an eye on Matussem so that he does not stray from his culture. The experiences that Fatima has gone through portray the patriarchal society that the Arab community is when she narrates her experiences as a young Arab girl, which include her witness to her sisters being buried so that Matussem being male is able to enjoy a better upbringing (Abu Abu-Jaber ‘The Crescent’ 119). The use of narration in this case with folklore opens up the closed Arab culture that a reader might not understand and make the reading of the work more interesting. The narration of Fatima’s experiences can be traced in the short lines that the author employs to create breaks in her narration giving it poetic sounds. Tragedy has been employed to narrate Fatima’s story and to further reinforce the picture that the auth or wishes to paint on the differences of the two communities. Fatima in this case is trying to run away from the memories of her childhood as well as those of her motherland, which haunt her. Therefore, to protect her fellow Arab woman who has not experienced the same from going through what she went through, she opens up her painful childhood secrets that have never given her peace. She narrates to Jemorah these scary childhood experiences as a way of dissuading Jemorah from going to Jordan. Conclusion The author Diana Abu-Jaber has been able to transcend the two cultures that she belongs to in the effort to come up with very strong literary work. The author has used her writing skills to paint the picture that Arab Americans especially the younger generation born in the United States of America go thorough in their pursuit of identity. Abakry and Jonathan find that, through her fictitious characters, the author has been able to construct the lifestyle of typical Arab Americans, th eir culture, as well as their challenges (118). The advantage that the author has is that she is able to narrate her stories from an insider’s point of view thus giving an almost true story or real life story. The Arabian Jazz can be directly related to herself because it is a reflection of what she has gone through in her life living as an Arab American in both Jordan and the United States of America. The mixing of literary styles has brought about uniqueness in her work. Abu-Jaber has employed both English and Arabic literary styles to give her stories. The story about Arabs in the United States of America can only be best told in a mixture of both Arabic and American context to capture the attention of the intended audience without losing the plot (Majaj 71). Most of the present Arab American population is made up of generation of Arab Americans who have loose connections to their heritage. In her interview with the Al Jadid paper, Abu-Jaber talks about a generation of Ara b Americans who can neither speak nor understand Farsi nor Arabic. Therefore, it would only be prudent for any writer targeting this group to factor in these issues. The contrast between Abu-Jaber and previous Arab American writers is that she chooses to write in English ostensibly to attract a bigger audience to her work. Works Cited Abu-Jaber, Diana. Arabian Jazz. New York: Norton and Company, 1993. Print. Abu-Jaber, Diana. The Crescent. New York: Norton and Company, 2003. Print. Albakry, Mohamed, and Jonanthan Siler. â€Å"Into Arab American Borderland: Bilingual Creativity in Rand JAR RAR’S Map of Home.† Arab Studies Quarterly 34.2(2012): 109-121. Print. Allen, Roger. â€Å"The Happy Traitor: Tales of Translation.† Comparative Literature Studies 47.4(2010): 472-486. Print. Bardenstein, Carol. â€Å"Beyond Univocal Baklava: Deconstructing Food as Ethnicity and the Ideology of Homeland in Diana Abu-Jaber the Language of Baklava.† Journal of Arabic Liter ature 41.1-2(2010): 160-179. Print. Cherif, Essayah. â€Å"Arab American Literature: Gendered Memory in Abinader and Abu Jaber.† MELUS 28.4(2003): 207-228. Print. El-Hajj, Hind, and Sirene Harb. â€Å"Strandling the Personal and the Political: Gendered Memory in Diana Abu Jaber’s Arabian Jazz.† MELUS 36.3(2011): 137-158. Print. Fadda-Conrey, Carol. â€Å"Arab American Literature in the Ethnic Borderland: Cultural intersections in Diana Abu Jaber’s Crescent.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 187-205. Print. Hartman, Mitchelle. â€Å"This Sweet/Sweet Music: Jazz, Sam Cooke and Reading Arab American Literary Identities.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 155-165. Print. Hassan, Wail. â€Å"Arab American Autobiography and Reinvention of Identity: Two Egyptian Negotiations.† Journal of Comparative Poetics 22.1(2002): 7-35. Print. Hassan, Wail. â€Å"The Rise of Arab American Literature: Orientalism and Cultural Translation in the Work of Ameen Rihani.† American L iterary History 20.12(2008): 245-275. Print. Limpar, Ildiko. â€Å"Narratives of Misplacement in Diana Abu Jaber’s Arabian Jazz, Crescent and Origin.† Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 15.2(2009): 483-488. Print. Ludescher, Tanyss. â€Å"From Nostalgia to Critique: An Overview of Arab American Literature.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 93-114. Print. Majaj, Lisa. â€Å"Arab American Literature: Origins and Developments.† American Studies Journal 52.2(2008): 63-88. Print. Metres, Philip. â€Å"Arab American Literature after 9/11.† American Book Review 34.1(2012): 3-4. Print. Naaman, Mara. â€Å"Post Gibran: Antology of New Arab American Writing.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 266-271. Print. Orfaela, Gregory. â€Å"The Arab American Novel.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 115-133. Print. Rana, Swati. â€Å"The Production of Nativity in Early Syrian Immigrant Literature.† American Literature 833.3(2011): 547-570. Print. Shakir, Evelyn. â€Å"Mothers Milk: Women in Arab American Autobiography.† MELUS 15.4(1988): 39-50. Print. Shalal, Andera-Esa. Diana Abu-Jaber: The Only Resonse to Silence is to Keep Speaking, 2012. Web. www.aljadid.com/content/diana-abu-jaber-only-respnse This dissertation on Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu-Jaber Arabian Jazz and Crescent was written and submitted by user Hazel Galloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu Introduction The American society can be described as a melting pot of culture with different people of different nationalities with different cultures coming together to form a nation. The history of America depicts a continent that is sparsely populated by the Indian tribes of America who are the original residents of the continent and whose existence is in jeopardy due to assimilation.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu-Jaber â€Å"Arabian Jazz† and â€Å"Crescent† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The dominance and identity of the different races in the American society can be attributed to the time of their arrival in America and their numbers as well thus giving them a strong position in being accepted in society. This issue has been the biggest challenge to the minority groups that came to America late, and whose numbers are still low com pared to other communities. Thus, they have tended to be made to look like outsiders in a country where their ancestors came and were buried. One minority group that has suffered the stigma of not being easily accepted in the society is the Arab group. Most of the Arabic people who have migrated to America have tended to stick to their culture thus further alienating themselves from the community that is so diverse. This trend has affected the reception of the Arab American literature and its acceptability in society because it ropes in their cultural practices and beliefs, which are not subscribed to by other communities as Hassan reveals (â€Å"The Rise of Arab American Literature† 248). According to the study, authors such as Abu-Jaber have come up with novels written in a form that integrate the peculiarities of Arab literature with the mainstream American forms of writing. It is also noteworthy that Hassan emphasises that there is no â€Å"systematic account of the birt h and development of a tradition† of Arab American literature (â€Å"The Rise of Arab American Literature† 245). The works by Abu-Jaber are pieces of fictional writing that focus on hardships of Arabic women and men who cannot fully integrate into the American society. The novels display the way Arabic immigrants tried to translate â€Å"the tongue of their hearth, of irrational, un-American passions† into the language which could be understood by those around them (Abu-Jaber 304). The study provides a detailed review of the Arab literature using Abu-Jaber’s works, Arabian Jazz and Crescent, as the basis of argument. Chapter 1 Reading Arab American Literature America’s nature as a melting pot of culture is rich in different forms of literature that tend to identify with different groups. This diversity has been the only way for many different groups making up the American society to retrace their steps and curve out an identity for their society.Adv ertising Looking for dissertation on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Majaj finds, by so doing, different communities in the American society have turned to literature as a way of expressing their culture and practices as well as a way of preserving the same for the future generations (69). The effect of a mosaic society is that the cultures of the groups in that society tend to fade with practices that are more acceptable across the board remaining firm as the only ways the society has for a common ground. Newcomers have to build their new lives in â€Å"a heavily assimilationist US context†, which makes it difficult to maintain their national and cultural identity (Majaj 63). Abu-Jaber tells the story of a variety of hardships Arabic women are exposed to. For instance, Sirine often â€Å"stops and wonders if what she’s saying makes any sense† (Crescent 61). The woman is not sure that she is able to fit into the American society as she thinks differently, as she pertains to a different culture. Clearly, people around her do not take pains to understand her way of thinking as it has long been expected that everyone should share American values. It is necessary to note that there are certain reasons for this lack of tolerance since several conflicts and existing tension between Arab countries and the US (and, of course, the aftermaths of the 9/11 attack) contributed to the development of â€Å"ethnopolitical consciousness† and marginalisation of Arabic immigrants in the US society (qtd. in Fadda-Conrey 189). Therefore, there are two worlds which are often in conflict, and people (Arabic immigrants) in-between, who try to start a new life and fit in maintaining their identity. Many writers in America have therefore focused their style of writing on what is perceived to be acceptable to their ethnic or racial communities as a way of selling or educating t he larger society of their culture. The success of literary writers in society has therefore been pegged on the perception of the society on the community of the specific writer and its attitude towards the style of writing the writer will adapt (Hassan â€Å"Arab American Autobiography† 9) because the levels of tolerance for different communities’ practices differ. In most instances, these practices are informed by culture. Strong and rigid cultures have been known to attract resentment due to its nature of not conceding anything in exchange for acceptability. Acceptability of culture in society has always been hinged on the universality of the practices making up the culture as well as practices that are tolerable. This one aspect about society has gone a long way to determine the acceptability of literary works in the American society. The different ethnic groups in the American society play a big role in promoting the works prepared by the members of their communit y through the numbers in the sales of books. Communities with big numbers tend to promote the sales of one of their own thus reflecting the outcome as a success.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu-Jaber â€Å"Arabian Jazz† and â€Å"Crescent† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Minority groups often attract sales from their own, which in the end can be too little to count. Therefore, the population number in the society of given communities counts when it comes to success in writing unless the writers’ work is not a reflection of the society from where they are coming. Nevertheless, there are loads of exceptions to this trend as minority groups’ writings often attract attention of the entire American society. This is the case with Abu-Jaber’s writings. Thus, Field claims that Abu-Jaber’s Arabian Jazz was â€Å"warmly received by the American public† (208). Though, it is also necessary to note that some works face certain rejection or lack of understanding as publishers are reluctant to bring out books and require â€Å"sweeping changes† as they are afraid of low popularity of the book (Field 208). However, minority groups’ books are often received positively as Americans are becoming more tolerant. Arab American literature has gone through so many challenges since the first Arab writers started to publish works in the United States of America (Hassan â€Å"The Rise of Arab American Literature† 247). To date, the Arab American literature is still in a state of transformation in such a way that it cannot be defined. In her interview with Abu-Jaber, Shalal claims that most Arab American writers have struggled to penetrate the American society beyond their communities because of literary, social, and political issues that have for a long time acted as an inhibition to thei r growth. Arab American literature comes across as work meant to preserve and defend a culture as well as society where most cultures have been intermingled. Abu-Jaber is one of many writers who feel the need to tell about their experiences and to help others to cope with similar problems. More so, Abu-Jaber states that she also wrote her books to help young people of Arabic descend to learn more about their culture, to help them build â€Å"their own micro cultures† (qtd. in Shalal para 12). The writer creates a microcosm of fictional works which can guide young people searching for their identity. The Arab American society has been defined along cultural, political, and religious lines, which have been resented by the larger American society (Orfaela 117). The need by the Arab Americans to maintain their culture has been expressed in their literary works thus becoming a defining point of their work.Advertising Looking for dissertation on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This case has made it difficult for the larger society to be attracted to the work because it pursues a narrow community’s hegemonistic interests that may not be the interest of the whole society in general. Though, as has been mentioned above, the contemporary American society is steadily changing and Americans become more tolerant and they are ready, at least, to learn more about (if not to accept) different mind-sets and different cultures. The earliest Arab American publications were newspapers that leaned on religion, which in this case is Islam and politics in their countries of origin in the Middle East. Naaman indicates that this was all done with the belief that the Arab community would one day go back to its homeland and hence the need to preserve its Arab identity (267). The need therefore made this kind of literature a preserve for Arabs who would want to one day go back to their motherland. Reading Arab American literature requires one to first understand the Ara bic cultural practices that provide the tone for the writings and want to know more about this culture. Without this, one may not be able to understand the thoughts or messages as they are being delivered. Transformations in Arab American Literature The Arab American literature has gone through so many transformations for many years since its advent because the styles and themes employed were narrow in such a way that they were specifically meant to capture a specific audience, which was the Arab community, even though they were often written in English. Therefore, according to Rana, the authors were whatsoever never interested in capturing an audience beyond their community thus leading to their works being limited in scope (548). The need to uphold a form of filial piety in their works led to the Arab American writers concentrating more on a writing tone touching on their culture and in turn simply making their writings look like an Arabic translation. The wider American society t hrives on the independence of the mind and utmost liberty, which does not expect one’s mind to be tied by cultural beliefs and laws that act as a prohibition to being a creative mind. This case therefore made the Arab American literature produced by early generation Arab immigrants seem more of an attempt to perpetuate traditional Arab literature as Ludescher (96) finds. The use of Arab tradition as a defining tool for Arab literature was simply a way of reconnecting with their homeland by the writers thus making it difficult for their literature to find acceptability among the masses (Ludescher 103). However, younger generations had another view on the matter as they were â€Å"bred on the American ideals of liberty and progress† (Ludescher 95). Kahlil Gibran, Ameen Rihani and Mikhail Naimy were some of those Arab American writers who questioned Arabic conventions and claimed they were not applicable in the American society. Clearly, this does not mean those writers f orgot about their roots or tried to alienate themselves from Arabic culture. Nonetheless, they showed that Arab Americans were a part of the multi-ethnic American society. Abu-Jaber follows the path created at the beginning of the twentieth century and believes this approach is suitable for the twenty-first century. In fact, she and other Arab American writers have come up with works that resonate positively with the society they live in because the acceptability of their works by publishers has been limited due to societal expectations and stereotypes that the larger society holds towards the Arab community. As Abu-Jaber confirms in an interview with Shalal, her work has been limited largely concerning what is acceptable for publishing as the climate is often â€Å"simply not conducive to publishing a book about the expulsion of the Palestinians after the creation of the state of Israel† (Shalal Para. 3). She has been forced to edit and re-edit some of her works numerous tim es until they have lost the lustre the writer had intended for them (Shalal Para. 2). Arab American literature has always had two themes that are identifiable with their work. These themes are religion and politics back home. These two constitute the sensitive issues in the American society because the larger American society is always on the other side of the divide when it comes to matters touching on Arabic politics and religion. Therefore, Arab American writers have been inhibited with these factors whenever they want to express them in their literary works because most publishers would not want them expressed in their publications. More so, they would receive condemnation from the lager society (Shalal Para. 3). In search of acceptability , Arab American literature has had to continuously transform itself over time with the hope that it would create resonance with the American society. Much still, most of the early generation Arab Americans are now gone. In their place, there i s a new generation of Arab Americans born and brought up in America, and with distant roots and touch with their motherland. This group has most of its people identified as Arabs who cannot speak a word in Arabic. Just like any other descendants from minority groups, all they know of their motherland is that it was where they originated but have no roots completely. This group is at last producing writers who do not have too much attachment to their Arabic culture but in essence trying to create a balance between the two communities to which they belong. Most of the young Arab American writers have been critical in their writing of American culture or some of its conventions, a fact that has endeared them to the public. Their criticism though has been balanced in that they criticise both communities. Previous Arab American writers were reluctant to criticise their community because, being in a foreign land, they felt that it would be disloyal to disown their practices. This view acc ording to Allen has not been shared by young Arab American writers who do not feel compelled by the filial piety their customs demand (474). They tend to air their views in an American fashion. Their belonging to the American society has made them understand what the society wants to hear. Importantly, writers and young Arab Americans also want to write and read about it. They do not only seek to be accepted and integrated into the mainstream American culture. Noteworthy, Arab Americans have developed a new perception of their life in the USA. They have incorporated major values of both cultures in their understanding of the world and the way it should be. Abu-Jaber as well as other contemporary Arab American writers has managed to express (from the Arab American perspective) â€Å"a valuable message of understanding in a society founded upon a wealth of cultural combination† (Cherif 226). It is necessary to note that the American society is ready to accept this viewpoint and Americans are now eager to examine new ways of development of a truly multi-ethnic democratic society. The big challenges that the previous Arab American writers had can still be traced to the present-day upcoming writers. The issue of politics as well as religion in the Middle East can be described to be part of any Arab identity. Arabs of all generations passionately hold and express their views. Some American publishers have not tolerated the criticism of Israel in their works since they are afraid of being branded anti-Semitic, a fact, which would have much harsher implications from the American public, which has a substantive number of the Jewish population (Shalal Para. 2). Some publishers are reluctant to release books which can be disturbing or can cause negative reactions from any groups of people. Moreover, political tension between the US and Arab countries contributes to development of this trend. It is true that American society is now rather politicised and political discourse affects the way the entire society develops. For instance, the events after the 9/11 attack revealed abundance of prejudice which existed in the American Society. Americans became hostile to representatives of the Arabic world and Arab Americans were also perceived as aliens. However, at present, people are eager to face the diversity of the American society. Americans are ready to hear different voices and face the changes which are taking place. Arab American writers are raising questions which are already in the air. Arab Americans, other minority groups as well as the majority of Americans are trying to understand how to live in the world which is transforming. These people are trying to let alone political or economic terrains and focus on day-to-day life of Americans and Arab Americans. Admittedly, this leads to understanding and appreciation. Americans learn more about life of Arab Americans and understand they are very similar as their major values are the same. Ar ab Americans as wells as Americans strive for peaceful life in a society where people are not alienated or discriminated. Moreover, Arab Americans and Americans are now ready to be more open and try to cooperate with each other, not only co-exist within certain area. Reading the Arab American literature therefore can be interesting in that the writers employ different forms of writing that they are hopeful will endear them to the public thus making the Arab American literature a form of mosaic that cannot be defined in one way. Challenges in Arab American Literature Different writers employ different styles that they hope will identify them as Arab Americans because no single writing style has established a foothold in the Arab American society. The continuous transformation of the styles can be attributed to a need to find a foothold. Therefore, according to Albakry and Siler, the latest style by younger Arab American writers that tends to be critical of their own society is just o ne of the ways that are being followed to find a standing point for the same search of their identity (113). Admittedly, these young are not Arabic as they have already been brought up on somewhat different values, or rather on a broader set of values. These people have adopted many ways accepted in the American society. This does not signify their rejection of their identity or their eagerness to forget about their roots. They have been surrounded by different systems of values, Arabic (coming from their parents and relatives) and American (coming from their friends, teachers, neighbours, partners, etc.). They feel they cannot blindly adopt Arabic values which make sense in the Arabic world but are somewhat limited in the western world. These young writers are not already in-between the two world, they are becoming parts of the global multi-ethnic community. They are more open as Americans and all western people, but they are also devoted to their culture, language and identity as any Arabic individual. A critical point that should be noted about the Arab American literature and acceptability in society is the political situation around the world. Though the Arab American literature had started picking up, it was upset by the 9/11 events that have since opened new doors for alienation and stereotyping. Most Arab American writers have found it difficult to convince the literary world to look at them with a different eye thus extending the case to their work (Metres 3). The larger society tends to look at them with a suspicious eye thus resenting any form of writing that is defensive of the Arabic culture or one that seems to be promoting it. Reading the Arab American literature, one finds that more women dominate this field than would be expected of the Arabic culture. As Naaman points out, women have used Arab American literature to find their lost voice in a society that is believed to be patriarchal (269). And Arab American community is still rather patriar chal as even though they have adopted a lot of American values, some families still cherish their ancestors’ values when it comes to gender roles. For instance, Abu-Jaber reveals hardships of Arabic women living in the Arabic world through the character of Fatima who is strongly attached to patriarchal values of her homeland. She stresses that it is really hard to be a woman who should be devoted to the man in the family. Thus Fatima sees the only way out, i.e. to â€Å"have husband to survive on the planet of earth† (Abu-Jaber Arabian Jazz 117). Hence, the writer shows that even among Arab Americans there are families where females are somewhat marginalised within a family, though younger generations still find their ways to build their families in accordance with their new Arab American values. It has been identified as one way that women have found a platform to communicate their problems to the larger society, which for a long time has been shut out of the goings i n the Arab society or which has been disinterested in the Arabic culture. The difference that comes out is that most Arab American male writers have tended to lean towards the status quo because they are the beneficiaries of the system at the end of the day. However, now lots of influential male intellectuals are supporting Arab American feminists as they have also adopted many values of the western society (Cherif 214). This can be a great stride forward as Arab American literature will not be divided into male and female writing. Both groups will shed light on complexities of Arab American integration into the American society providing insights into different aspects of the issue. Works Cited Abu-Jaber, Diana. Arabian Jazz. New York: Norton and Company, 1993. Print. Abu-Jaber, Diana. The Crescent. New York: Norton and Company, 2003. Print. Albakry, Mohamed, and Jonanthan Siler. â€Å"Into Arab American Borderland: Bilingual Creativity in Rand JAR RAR’S Map of Home.† Arab Studies Quarterly 34.2(2012): 109-121. Print. Allen, Roger. â€Å"The Happy Traitor: Tales of Translation.† Comparative Literature Studies 47.4(2010): 472-486. Print. Bardenstein, Carol. â€Å"Beyond Univocal Baklava: Deconstructing Food as Ethnicity and the Ideology of Homeland in Diana Abu-Jaber the Language of Baklava.† Journal of Arabic Literature 41.1-2(2010): 160-179. Print. Cherif, Essayah. â€Å"Arab American Literature: Gendered Memory in Abinader and Abu Jaber.† MELUS 28.4(2003): 207-228. Print. El-Hajj, Hind, and Sirene Harb. â€Å"Strandling the Personal and the Political: Gendered Memory in Diana Abu Jaber’s Arabian Jazz.† MELUS 36.3(2011): 137-158. Print. Fadda-Conrey, Carol. â€Å"Arab American Literature in the Ethnic Borderland: Cultural intersections in Diana Abu Jaber’s Crescent.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 187-205. Print. Hartman, Mitchelle. â€Å"This Sweet/Sweet Music: Jazz, Sam Cooke and Reading Arab American Lite rary Identities.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 155-165. Print. Hassan, Wail. â€Å"Arab American Autobiography and Reinvention of Identity: Two Egyptian Negotiations.† Journal of Comparative Poetics 22.1(2002): 7-35. Print. Hassan, Wail. â€Å"The Rise of Arab American Literature: Orientalism and Cultural Translation in the Work of Ameen Rihani.† American Literary History 20.12(2008): 245-275. Print. Limpar, Ildiko. â€Å"Narratives of Misplacement in Diana Abu Jaber’s Arabian Jazz, Crescent and Origin.† Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 15.2(2009): 483-488. Print. Ludescher, Tanyss. â€Å"From Nostalgia to Critique: An Overview of Arab American Literature.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 93-114. Print. Majaj, Lisa. â€Å"Arab American Literature: Origins and Developments.† American Studies Journal 52.2(2008): 63-88. Print. Metres, Philip. â€Å"Arab American Literature after 9/11.† American Book Review 34.1(2012): 3-4. Print. Naaman, M ara. â€Å"Post Gibran: Antology of New Arab American Writing.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 266-271. Print. Orfaela, Gregory. â€Å"The Arab American Novel.† MELUS 31.4(2006): 115-133. Print. Rana, Swati. â€Å"The Production of Nativity in Early Syrian Immigrant Literature.† American Literature 833.3(2011): 547-570. Print. Shakir, Evelyn. â€Å"Mothers Milk: Women in Arab American Autobiography.† MELUS 15.4(1988): 39-50. Print. Shalal, Andera-Esa. Diana Abu-Jaber: The Only Resonse to Silence is to Keep Speaking, 2012. Web. www.aljadid.com/content/diana-abu-jaber-only-respnse This dissertation on Arab Diaspora in the USA in the Novels of Diana Abu-Jaber â€Å"Arabian Jazz† and â€Å"Crescent† was written and submitted by user PrinceofOrphans to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.